{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:09:51Z","timestamp":1789988991854,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza B viruses have become increasingly more prominent during influenza seasons. Influenza B infection is typically considered a mild disease and receives less attention than influenza A, but has been causing 20 to 50\u200a% of the total influenza incidence in several regions around the world. Although there is increasing evidence of mid to lower respiratory tract diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia in influenza B patients, little is known about the pathogenesis of recent influenza B viruses. Here we investigated the clinical and pathological profiles of infection with strains representing the two current co-circulating B lineages (B\/Yamagata and B\/Victoria) in the ferret model. Specifically, we studied two B\/Victoria (B\/Brisbane\/60\/2008 and B\/Bolivia\/1526\/2010) and two B\/Yamagata (B\/Florida\/04\/2006 and B\/Wisconsin\/01\/2010) strain infections in ferrets and observed strain-specific but not lineage-specific pathogenicity. We found B\/Brisbane\/60\/2008 caused the most severe clinical illness and B\/Brisbane\/60\/2008 and the B\/Yamagata strains instigated pathology in the middle to lower respiratory tract. Importantly, B\/Brisbane\/60\/2008 established efficient lower respiratory tract infection with high viral burden. Our phylogenetic analyses demonstrate profound reassortment among recent influenza B viruses, which indicates the genetic make-up of B\/Brisbane\/60\/2008 differs from the other strains. This may explain the pathogenicity difference post-infection in ferrets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.064352-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,3]],"date-time":"2014-07-03T07:51:46Z","timestamp":1404373906000},"page":"2127-2139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pathogenic influenza B virus in the ferret model establishes lower respiratory tract infection"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Stephen S. H.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Banner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane G.","family":"Paquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto 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