{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:14:47Z","timestamp":1791404087984,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibodies to simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV) were found in serum or plasma from 12 of 23 (52\u00b72\u200a%) gelada baboons (<jats:italic>Theropithecus gelada<\/jats:italic>) captive in US zoos. A variety of Western blot (WB) profiles was seen in the 12 seroreactive samples, including human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1-like (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=5, 41\u00b77\u200a%), HTLV-2-like (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=1, 8\u00b73\u200a%), HTLV-untypable (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=4, 33\u00b73\u200a%) and indeterminate (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=2, 16\u00b76\u200a%) profiles. Phylogenetic analysis of<jats:italic>tax<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>sequences that had been PCR amplified from peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA available from nine seropositive geladas showed that four were infected with identical STLV-1s; these sequences clustered with STLV-1 from Celebes macaques and probably represent recent cross-species infections. The<jats:italic>tax<\/jats:italic>sequences from the five remaining geladas were also identical and clustered with STLV-3. Analysis of the complete STLV-3 genome (8917\u2005bp) from one gelada, TGE-2117, revealed that it is unique, sharing only 62\u200a% similarity with HTLV-1\/ATK and HTLV-2\/Mo. STLV-3\/TGE-2117 was closest genetically to STLV-3 from an Eritrean baboon (STLV-3\/PH969, 95\u00b76\u200a%) but more distant from STLV-3s from red-capped mangabeys from Cameroon and Nigeria (STLV-3\/CTO-604, 87\u00b77\u200a%, and STLV-3\/CTO-NG409, 87\u00b72\u200a%, respectively) and Senegalese baboons (STLV-3\/PPA-F3, 88\u00b74\u200a%). The genetic relatedness of STLV-3\/TGE-2117 to STLV-3 was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated<jats:italic>gag-pol-env-tax<\/jats:italic>sequence (6795\u2005bp). An ancient origin of 73\u200a628\u2013109\u200a809 years ago for STLV-3 was estimated by molecular clock analysis of third-codon positions of<jats:italic>gag-pol-env-tax<\/jats:italic>sequences. LTR sequences from five STLV-3-positive geladas were &gt;99\u200a% identical and clustered with that from a<jats:italic>Papio anubis<\/jats:italic>\u00d7<jats:italic>P. hamadryas<\/jats:italic>hybrid Ethiopian baboon, suggesting a common source of STLV-3 in these sympatric animals. LTR sequences obtained 20 years apart from a mother\u2013infant pair were identical, providing evidence of both mother-to-offspring transmission and a high genetic stability of STLV-3. Since STLV-3-infected primates show a range of HTLV-like WB profiles and have an ancient origin, further studies using STLV-3-specific testing are required to determine whether STLV-3 infects humans, especially in regions of Africa where STLV-3 is endemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19630-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,9]],"date-time":"2004-02-09T22:07:58Z","timestamp":1076364478000},"page":"507-519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Identification in gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) of a distinct simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 with a broad range of Western blot reactivity"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Van Dooren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, 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