{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:49:50Z","timestamp":1787010590539,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The complete nucleotide sequences of the small (S) and medium (M) segments of three independent strains of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus isolated in Uzbekistan, Iraq and Pakistan have been determined. Partial S and M segment sequences from two additional strains and partial large segment sequences from five strains of CCHF virus have also been obtained. These data have been compiled and compared with published full-length and partial sequences of other CCHF virus strains. Analysis of virus strains for which complete and partial S and M segment sequences are available reveals that the phylogenetic grouping of some strains differ between these two segments. Data provided in this report suggest that this discrepancy is not the result of recombination, but rather the consequence of reassortment events that have occurred in some virus lineages. Although described in other genera of the\n                    <jats:italic>Bunyaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    family, this is the first report of segment reassortment occurring in the\n                    <jats:italic>Nairovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80121-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]],"date-time":"2004-09-24T17:12:43Z","timestamp":1096045963000},"page":"3059-3070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Evidence of segment reassortment in Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Roger","family":"Hewson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Affairs, Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Gmyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides RAMS, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Gmyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides RAMS, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana E.","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides RAMS, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Karganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides RAMS, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Pathology, The Aga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumina","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Pathology, The Aga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Affairs, Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Affairs, Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Congo\/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq","volume":"59","author":"Al-Tikriti","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull W H O"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4048949","article-title":"Evolution of bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in dually infected mosquitoes ( Aedes triseriatus )","volume":"230","author":"Beaty","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1201","article-title":"A reassortant bunyavirus isolated from acute hemorrhagic fever cases in Kenya and Somalia","volume":"291","author":"Bowen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.846","article-title":"Congo virus from domestic livestock, African hedgehog and arthropods in Nigeria","volume":"19","author":"Causey","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(91)90108-8","article-title":"Reassortment of La Crosse and Tahyna bunyaviruses in Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes","volume":"20","author":"Chandler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"377","article-title":"New data on the viral agent of Crimean hemorrhagic fever","volume":"13","author":"Chumakov","year":"1968","journal-title":"Vopr Virusol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.1122-1123.2002","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Kosovo","volume":"40","author":"Drosten","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R8","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Bunyaviridae","author":"Gonzalez-Scarano","year":"1996","journal-title":"In Fields Virology"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.0071","article-title":"Naturally occurring Sin Nombre virus genetic reassortants","volume":"214","author":"Henderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2003.12.035","article-title":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: sequence analysis of the small RNA segments from a collection of strains world wide","volume":"102","author":"Hewson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/15.4.307","article-title":"The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe and Africa","volume":"15","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3696","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.8.3696-3705.2001","article-title":"Reassortment in vivo : driving force for diversity of human rotavirus strains isolated in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1999","volume":"75","author":"Iturriza-Gomara","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.804-809.2003","article-title":"Genetic interaction between distinct Dobrava hantavirus subtypes in Apodemus agrarius and A. flavicollis in nature","volume":"77","author":"Klempa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6988","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.12.6988-6994.2003","article-title":"Characterization of H9 subtype influenza viruses from the ducks of southern China: a candidate for the next influenza pandemic in humans?","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999","article-title":"Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination","volume":"73","author":"Lole","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1387","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the M RNA segment among Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus isolates in China","volume":"296","author":"Morikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R17","first-page":"16","article-title":"Advances in disease vectors research: the role of arthropod vectors in arbovirus evolution","volume":"8","author":"Nuttall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv Dis Vector Res"},{"key":"R18","first-page":"357","article-title":"TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers","volume":"12","author":"Page","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput Appl Biosci"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(98)00024-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the S10 gene of field and laboratory strains of bluetongue virus from the United States","volume":"55","author":"Pierce","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(84)90134-X","article-title":"Genome subunit reassortment among bunyaviruses analysed by dot hybridization using molecularly cloned complementary DNA probes","volume":"135","author":"Pringle","year":"1984","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9131","article-title":"Tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus genome reassortment and genome segment-specific adaptation","volume":"244","author":"Qiu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.512","article-title":"Molecular investigation of a multisource outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"57","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8990","article-title":"Genetic reassortment among viruses causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"242","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8196","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.10.8196-8200.1999","article-title":"Genetic reassortment of Rift Valley fever virus in nature","volume":"73","author":"Sall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7263","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.14.7263-7275.2002","article-title":"Characterization of the glycoproteins of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"76","author":"Sanchez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.3.502","article-title":"tree-puzzle: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing","volume":"18","author":"Schmidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R27","first-page":"733","article-title":"A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg hospital","volume":"68","author":"Shepherd","year":"1985","journal-title":"Part V. Virological and serological observations. S Afr Med J"},{"key":"R28","first-page":"87","article-title":"Detection of Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus antigen by solid phase enzyme immunosorbent assay","volume":"29","author":"Smirnova","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6815","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6815","article-title":"Likelihood-mapping: a single method to visualize phylogenetic content of a sequence alignment","volume":"94","author":"Strimmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.120","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in southern Africa","volume":"36","author":"Swanepoel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"clustal w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-10-2307","article-title":"Generation and transmission of Rift Valley fever viral reassortants by the mosquito Culex pipiens","volume":"71","author":"Turell","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-9-2255","article-title":"Non-random reassortment between the tripartite RNA genomes of La Crosse and snowshoe hare viruses","volume":"73","author":"Uruidi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R34","first-page":"177","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","volume-title":"In The Arboviruses Epidemiology and Ecology","volume":"vol.\u20052","author":"Watts","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.80121-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T11:44:37Z","timestamp":1601984677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.80121-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.80121-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]}}}