{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:05:54Z","timestamp":1791212754746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Measles virus (MV) infection and vaccination induce long-lasting immunity and neutralizing-antibody responses that are directed against the MV haemagglutinin (H) and the fusion (F) protein. A new MV genotype, D7, emerged recently in western Germany and rapidly replaced the long-term endemically circulating genotypes C2 and D6. Analysis of the H gene of C2, D6, D7 and vaccine viruses revealed uniform sequences for each genotype. Interestingly, a consistent exchange of seven distinct amino acids in the D7 H was observed when compared with residues shared between C2, D6 and vaccine viruses, and one exchange (D416\u2192N) in the D7 H was associated with an additional<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-linked glycosylation. In contrast, the F gene is highly conserved between MVs of these genotypes. To test whether the D7 H protein escapes from antibody responses that were raised against earlier circulating or vaccine viruses, the neutralizing capacity of mAbs recognizing seven distinct domains on the H of an Edmonston-related MV was compared. The mAbs revealed a selective and complete loss of two neutralizing epitopes on the D7 H when compared with C2, D6 and vaccine viruses. To assess whether these alterations of the D7 H affect the neutralizing capacity of polyclonal B-cell responses, genotype-specific antisera were produced in cotton rats. However, no significant genotype-dependent difference was found. Likewise, human sera obtained from vaccinees (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=7) and convalescents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6) did not distinguish between the MV genotypes. Although the hypothesis of selection of D7 viruses by pre-existing neutralizing antibodies is compatible with the differing pattern of neutralizing epitopes on the H protein, it was not confirmed by the results of MV neutralization with polyclonal sera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80467-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,19]],"date-time":"2005-01-19T22:37:59Z","timestamp":1106174279000},"page":"365-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Probing neutralizing-antibody responses against emerging measles viruses (MVs): immune selection of MV by H protein-specific antibodies?"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Sabine","family":"Santibanez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Measles\/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Niewiesk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Virologie und Immunbiologie, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Heider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Measles\/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Schneider-Schaulies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Virologie und Immunbiologie, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy A. 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