{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:41:17Z","timestamp":1790937677025,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) is a neurological disease observed only in 1\u20132\u200a% of infected individuals. HTLV-1 provirus load, certain HLA alleles and HTLV-1 <jats:italic>tax<\/jats:italic> subgroups are reported to be associated with different levels of risk for HAM\/TSP in Kagoshima, Japan. Here, it was determined whether these risk factors were also valid for HTLV-1-infected individuals in Mashhad in northeastern Iran, another region of endemic HTLV-1 infection. In Iranian HTLV-1-infected individuals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=132, 58 HAM\/TSP patients and 74 seropositive asymptomatic carriers), although HLA-DRB1*0101 was associated with disease susceptibility in the absence of HLA-A*02 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7038; odds ratio=2\u00b771) as observed in Kagoshima, HLA-A*02 and HLA-Cw*08 had no effect on either the risk of developing HAM\/TSP or HTLV-1 provirus load. All Iranian subjects possessed <jats:italic>tax<\/jats:italic> subgroup A sequences, and the protective effects of HLA-A*02 were observed only in Kagoshima subjects with <jats:italic>tax<\/jats:italic> subgroup B but not in those with <jats:italic>tax<\/jats:italic> subgroup A. Both the prevalence of HTLV-1 subgroups and the host genetic background may explain the different risks levels for HAM\/TSP development in these two populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80509-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,19]],"date-time":"2005-02-19T01:05:31Z","timestamp":1108775131000},"page":"773-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Differences in viral and host genetic risk factors for development of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis between Iranian and Japanese HTLV-1-infected individuals"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Sabouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mineki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Usuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Information Science, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepideh Naghibzadeh","family":"Bajestan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Forughipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Sabouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Abbaspour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiyoshi","family":"Arimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Osame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, 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