{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:33:09Z","timestamp":1791297189530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A stable plasmid DNA, pMWJEAT, was constructed by using full-length <jats:italic>Japanese encephalitis virus<\/jats:italic> (JEV) cDNA isolated from the wild-type strain JEV AT31. Recombinant JEV was obtained by synthetic RNA transfection into Vero cells and designated rAT virus. JEV rAT exhibited similar large-plaque morphology and antigenicity to the parental AT31 strain. Mutant clone pMWJEAT-E138K, containing a single Glu-to-Lys mutation at aa 138 of the envelope (E) protein, was also constructed to analyse the mechanisms of viral attenuation arising from this mutation. Recombinant JEV rAT-E138K was also recovered and displayed a smaller-plaque morphology and lower neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness than either AT31 virus or rAT virus. JEV rAT-E138K exhibited greater plaque formation than rAT virus in virus\u2013cell interactions under acidic conditions. Heparin or heparinase III treatment inhibited binding to Vero cells more efficiently for JEV rAT-E138K than for rAT virus. Inhibition of virus\u2013cell interactions by using wheatgerm agglutinin was more effective for JEV rAT than for rAT-E138K on Vero cells. About 20\u200a% of macropinoendocytosis of JEV rAT for Vero cells was inhibited by cytochalasin D treatment, but no such inhibition occurred for rAT-E138K virus. Furthermore, JEV rAT was predominantly secreted from infected cells, whereas rAT-E138K was more likely to be retained in infected cells. This study demonstrates clearly that a single Glu-to-Lys mutation at aa 138 of the envelope protein affects multiple steps of the viral life cycle. These multiple changes may induce substantial attenuation of JEV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80638-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,20]],"date-time":"2005-07-20T23:27:56Z","timestamp":1121902076000},"page":"2209-2220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Characterization of the E-138 (Glu\/Lys) mutation in Japanese encephalitis virus by using a stable, full-length, infectious cDNA clone"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Zijiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Date","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, 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