{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:09:36Z","timestamp":1777608576216,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Routine antibody surveillance for <jats:italic>Sendai virus<\/jats:italic> in a breeding colony suggested viral invasion into laboratory rats. A more specific haemagglutination-inhibition test implied that the agent was related closely to <jats:italic>Human parainfluenza virus type 3<\/jats:italic> (hPIV3), rather than <jats:italic>Sendai virus<\/jats:italic>. To isolate this virus, Vero cells were inoculated with lung homogenates of 30 young animals from the colony. One of the cultures became positive at the second passage by RT-PCR directed to the hPIV3 NP and L genes. Cytopathic effect with cell fusion was observed at the third passage. The HN gene of this virus (KK24) had &gt;93\u200a% similarity to those of other hPIV3 isolates, suggesting a human origin of KK24. Experimental intranasal inoculation of KK24 into SD rats showed virus replication in the lungs at 3\u20135\u2005days post-infection (p.i.). Pathological examination of the lungs at day 5\u2005p.i. indicated a moderate detachment, degradation and apoptosis of bronchial epitheliocytes with peribronchial mononuclear infiltrations. At day 7\u2005p.i., these changes became less prominent, and no lesions were apparent at day 10\u2005p.i. or later. The infected rats seroconverted at day 7\u2005p.i. On the contrary, none of the 30 experimentally infected ICR mice showed any pathological lesions in their lungs, despite seroconversion at 7\u2005days\u2005p.i. These results suggest that hPIV3 can invade rat colonies and has a moderate and transient pathogenicity in rats. This is the first report of non-experimental hPIV3 infection in laboratory rats, unexpectedly detected by antibody screening for <jats:italic>Sendai virus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80666-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,19]],"date-time":"2005-02-19T01:05:31Z","timestamp":1108775131000},"page":"733-741","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Contamination of a specific-pathogen-free rat breeding colony with Human parainfluenzavirus type 3"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Hironori","family":"Miyata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamotsu","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumoto","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Hino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"435","article-title":"Paramyxoviruses","volume-title":"In Topley & Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections","author":"Bellini","year":"1998"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"277","article-title":"Pathogenesis of bronchiolitis and pneumonia induced in neonatal and weanling rats by parainfluenza (Sendai) virus","volume":"129","author":"Castleman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-104-25816","article-title":"Infection of hamsters with para influenza 3 virus","volume":"104","author":"Craighead","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300030354","article-title":"Estimating effective population size from samples of sequences: inefficiency of pairwise and segregating sites as compared to phylogenetic estimates","volume":"59","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genet Res"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00920472","article-title":"Effects of parainfluenza type 3 virus on guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophage functions in vitro","volume":"17","author":"Henricks","year":"1993","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890250304","article-title":"Rabbit model for mucosal immunity in the bowel. I. Establishment of virus-infected ileal loops","volume":"25","author":"Holmes","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-68-5-1289","article-title":"Immunological interrelationships among human and non-human paramyxoviruses revealed by immunoprecipitation","volume":"68","author":"Ito","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148109052306","article-title":"The cotton rat as an experimental model of human parainfluenza virus type 3 disease","volume":"2","author":"Murphy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.919","article-title":"Genetic characterization of parainfluenza virus 3 derived from guinea pigs","volume":"60","author":"Ohsawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1086\/345834","article-title":"A cotton rat model of human parainfluenza 3 laryngotracheitis: virus growth, pathology, and therapy","volume":"186","author":"Ottolini","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.1.103-111.1991","article-title":"Pathogenesis of human parainfluenza virus 3 infection in two species of cotton rats: Sigmodon hispidus develops bronchiolitis, while Sigmodon fulviventer develops interstitial pneumonia","volume":"65","author":"Porter","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R12","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"R13","volume-title":"Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections","author":"Schmidt","year":"1989"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"548","article-title":"Characterization of a novel parainfluenza virus, caviid parainfluenza virus 3, from laboratory guinea pigs ( Cavia porcellus )","volume":"52","author":"Simmons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"R15","first-page":"976","article-title":"Development of a guinea pig colony free of complement-fixing antibodies to parainfluenza virus","volume":"27","author":"Welch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(90)90005-R","article-title":"Toxicity and antiviral activity of LY253963 against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in tissue culture and in cotton rats","volume":"14","author":"Wyde","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.80666-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T16:31:56Z","timestamp":1603384316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.80666-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.80666-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]}}}