{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:31:51Z","timestamp":1759159911035},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Rinderpest virus<\/jats:italic> (RPV) is a morbillivirus that causes cattle plague, a disease of large ruminants. The viral genome is flanked at the 3\u2032 and 5\u2032 genome termini by the genome promoter (GP) and antigenome promoter (AGP), respectively. These promoters play essential roles in directing replication and transcription as well as RNA encapsidation and packaging. It has previously been shown that individual changes to the GP of RPV greatly affect promoter activity in a minigenome assay and it was therefore proposed that individual nucleotide changes in the GP and AGP might also have significant effects on the ability of the virus to replicate and cause disease in cattle. The Plowright vaccine strain of RPV has been derived by tissue-culture passage from the virulent Kabete \u2018O\u2019 isolate (KO) and is highly attenuated for all ruminant species in which it has been used. Here, it was shown that swapping the GP and the first 76\u2005nt of the AGP between virulent and avirulent strains affected disease progression. In particular, it was shown that flanking the virulent strain with the vaccine GP and AGP sequences, while not appreciably affecting virus growth <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, led to attenuation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The reverse was not true, since the KO promoters did not alter the vaccine's attenuated nature. The GP\/AGP therefore play a role in attenuation, but are not the only determinants of attenuation in this vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80752-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,22]],"date-time":"2005-03-22T22:43:13Z","timestamp":1111531393000},"page":"1083-1092","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A role for virus promoters in determining the pathogenesis of Rinderpest virus in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Ashley C.","family":"Banyard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","volume-title":"FAO Animal Health Manual \u2013 Manual on the Diagnosis of Rinderpest","author":"Anderson","year":"1996"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.2.1265-1271.1997","article-title":"Rescue of rinderpest virus from cloned cDNA","volume":"71","author":"Baron","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.6.2603-2611.2000","article-title":"Rinderpest viruses lacking the C and V proteins show specific defects in growth and transcription of viral RNAs","volume":"74","author":"Baron","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-12-3041","article-title":"The genome sequence of the virulent Kabete \u2018O\u2019 strain of rinderpest virus: comparison with the derived vaccine","volume":"77","author":"Baron","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80751-0","article-title":"The Plowright vaccine strain of Rinderpest virus has attenuating mutations in most genes","volume":"86","author":"Baron","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"155","article-title":"Morbilliviruses: dangers old and new. 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