{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:25:35Z","timestamp":1791307535820,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One hundred and twenty-two new hepatitis B virus (HBV) preC\/C sequences and three complete genomes from three major countries in West Africa were analysed. The majority of sequences were of genotype E and the only other genotype found was genotype A. Although for genotype E sequences, the genetic diversity of the preC\/C gene was about two to three times higher than that of the preS\/S gene, it was still considerably lower than that for genotype A sequences. The HBV\/E preC\/C gene was related most closely to subgenotype D1 and D2 sequences. Evidence of recombination was found in two strains that were of genotype A in the preS\/S gene and of genotype E in the preC\/C gene. The genotype A strains from Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria could be divided phylogenetically into three subtypes, A3 and two new subtypes, tentatively designated A4 and A5. Each subtype presented a genetic diversity of 2\u00b719\u20133\u00b785\u200a% and intersubtype distances of 4\u00b747\u20135\u00b797\u200a%. Interestingly, one sample from Nigeria showed evidence of a triple recombination of genotypes E\/D and A, separated by a genotype G-specific insert of 36\u2005bp. Of 110 patients, 19 (17\u00b73\u200a%) showed a coinfection of genotypes A and E, mostly in human immunodeficiency virus-positive children from Cameroon. Thus, in Cameroon, where both genotypes coexist, 37\u200a% of all individuals tested had mixed infections. The low genetic variability in the preC\/C gene of genotype E supports our previous speculation about a relatively short evolutionary history of this genotype, in contrast to the subtype-rich African genotype A strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81614-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]],"date-time":"2006-04-07T03:57:39Z","timestamp":1144382259000},"page":"1163-1173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Phylogenetic analysis of the precore\/core gene of hepatitis B virus genotypes E and A in West Africa: new subtypes, mixed infections and recombinations"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Christophe M.","family":"Olinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20A rue Auguste-Lumi\u00e8re, L-1950 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Venard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7565 UHP-CNRS, Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounjohou","family":"Njayou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie Microbienne, Centre de Biotechnologie \u2013 Nkolbisson, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akeeb O. 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