{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:27:39Z","timestamp":1781188059861,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the possible presence of disease-associated prion protein (PrP<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>) in striated muscle of chronic wasting disease (CWD)-affected cervids, samples of diaphragm, tongue, heart and three appendicular skeletal muscles from mule deer (<jats:italic>Odocoileus hemionus<\/jats:italic>), white-tailed deer (<jats:italic>Odocoileus virginianus<\/jats:italic>), elk (<jats:italic>Cervus elaphus nelsoni<\/jats:italic>) and moose (<jats:italic>Alces alces shirasi<\/jats:italic>) were examined by ELISA, Western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). PrP<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>was detected in samples of heart muscle from seven of 16 CWD-infected white-tailed deer, including one free-ranging deer, and in 12 of 17 CWD-infected elk, but not in any of 13 mule deer samples, nor in the single CWD-infected moose. For white-tailed deer, PrP<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>was detected by Western blot at multiple sites throughout the heart; IHC results on ventricular sections of both elk and white-tailed deer showed positive staining in cardiac myocytes, but not in conduction tissues or nerve ganglia. Levels of PrP<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>in cardiac tissues were estimated from Western blot band intensity to be lower than levels found in brain tissue. PrP<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>was not detected in diaphragm, triceps brachii, semitendinosus, latissiumus dorsi or tongue muscles for any of the study subjects. This is the first report of PrP<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>in cardiac tissue from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy-infected ruminants in the human food chain and the first demonstration by immunological assays of PrP<jats:sup>d<\/jats:sup>in any striated muscle of CWD-infected cervids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81777-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,9]],"date-time":"2006-10-09T21:51:04Z","timestamp":1160430664000},"page":"3443-3450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Prion protein in cardiac muscle of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) infected with chronic wasting disease"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Jean E.","family":"Jewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory (WSVL), 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory (WSVL), 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Kreeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services Branch, Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD), Wheatland, WY 82201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory (WSVL), 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1055","article-title":"PrPSc accumulation in myocytes from sheep incubating natural scrapie","volume":"10","author":"Andr\u00e9oletti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1122864","article-title":"Prions in skeletal muscles of deer with chronic wasting disease","volume":"311","author":"Angers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.3.338","article-title":"Prion-associated dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"165","author":"Ashwath","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.141.14.352","article-title":"Abnormalities of heart rate and rhythm in bovine spongiform encephalopathy","volume":"141","author":"Austin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.583-591.2003","article-title":"Rapid prion neuroinvasion following tongue infection","volume":"77","author":"Bartz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.031082","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease and potential transmission to humans","volume":"10","author":"Belay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052707499","article-title":"Prions in skeletal muscle","volume":"99","author":"Bosque","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1086\/431602","article-title":"Highly bovine spongiform encephalopathy-sensitive transgenic mice confirm essential restriction of infectivity to the nervous system in clinically diseased cattle","volume":"192","author":"Buschmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195051063.003.0004","article-title":"Sympathetic preganglionic neurons: cytoarchitecture, ultrastructure, and biophysical properties","volume-title":"In Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions","author":"Cabot","year":"1990"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5847","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.9.5847-5849.2005","article-title":"Pathological prion protein in the tongues of sheep infected with naturally occurring scrapie","volume":"79","author":"Casalone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R11","article-title":"European Commission Scientific Steering Committee","year":"2002"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030351","article-title":"Extraneural pathologic prion protein in sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"349","author":"Glatzel","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.5.657","article-title":"Natural infection of Suffolk sheep with scrapie virus","volume":"146","author":"Hadlow","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-1-78","article-title":"Failure to detect prion protein (PrPres) by immunohistochemistry in striated muscle tissues of animals experimentally inoculated with agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy","volume":"41","author":"Hamir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7944","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2467-05.2005","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease of elk: transmissibility to humans examined by transgenic mouse models","volume":"25","author":"Kong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-42.3.640","article-title":"Oral transmission of chronic wasting disease in captive Shira's moose","author":"Kreeger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195051063.003.0005","article-title":"Vagal preganglionic neurons","volume-title":"In Central Regulation of Autonomic Function","author":"Loewy","year":"1990"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2005.01.012","article-title":"Use of a new immunoassay to measure PrPSc levels in scrapie-infected sheep brains reveals PrP genotype-specific differences","volume":"298","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000143379","article-title":"A comparative study of the cardiac innervation in domestic animals: sheep","volume":"74","author":"McKibben","year":"1969a","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091650203","article-title":"A study of the cardiac innervation in domestic animals: cattle","volume":"165","author":"McKibben","year":"1969b","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"R21","first-page":"161","article-title":"A comparative study of the cardiac innervation in domestic animals: the goat","volume":"126","author":"McKibben","year":"1970","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.151.20.610","article-title":"Detection of PrPCWD in mule deer by immunohistochemistry of lymphoid tissues","volume":"151","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6792","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.13.6792-6798.2004","article-title":"Prion infection of skeletal muscle cells and papillae in the tongue","volume":"78","author":"Mulcahy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870001200618","article-title":"Immunohistochemical diagnosis of chronic wasting disease in preclinically affected elk from a captive herd","volume":"12","author":"Peters","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.22.687","article-title":"Perturbation of heart rate variability in cattle fed BSE-infected material","volume":"154","author":"Pomfrett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R26","first-page":"1","article-title":"An introduction to prion biology and diseases","volume-title":"In Prion Biology and Diseases","author":"Prusiner","year":"2004"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/2654","article-title":"Eight prion strains have PrPSc molecules with different conformations","volume":"4","author":"Safar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-10-2757","article-title":"Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease PrPres in mule deer fawns ( Odocoileus hemionus","volume":"80","author":"Sigurdson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-10-2327","article-title":"PrPCWD in the myenteric plexus, vagosympathetic trunk and endocrine glands of deer with chronic wasting disease","volume":"82","author":"Sigurdson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-5-546","article-title":"Distribution of protease-resistant prion protein and spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) with chronic wasting disease","volume":"39","author":"Spraker","year":"2002a","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-1-110","article-title":"Comparison of histological lesions and immunohistochemical staining of proteinase-resistant prion protein in a naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy of free-ranging mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) with those of chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer","volume":"39","author":"Spraker","year":"2002b","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8284675","article-title":"Innervation of the heart and its central medullary origin defined by viral tracing","volume":"263","author":"Standish","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.embor827","article-title":"Widespread PrPSc accumulation in muscles of hamsters orally infected with scrapie","volume":"4","author":"Thomzig","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81277-0","article-title":"Pathological prion protein in muscles of hamsters and mice infected with rodent-adapted BSE or vCJD","volume":"87","author":"Thomzig","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589503200312","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection and localization of prion protein in brain tissue of sheep with natural scrapie","volume":"32","author":"van Keulen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.5.1228-1231.1996","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of prion protein in lymphoid tissues of sheep with natural scrapie","volume":"34","author":"van Keulen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05403-4","article-title":"Tissue distribution of protease resistant prion protein in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease using a highly sensitive immunoblotting assay","volume":"358","author":"Wadsworth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2406-8_3","article-title":"Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy","volume-title":"In Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: The BSE Dilemma","author":"Wells","year":"1996"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.13.401","article-title":"Pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy: preclinical infectivity in tonsil and observations on the distribution of lingual tonsil in slaughtered cattle","volume":"156","author":"Wells","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-5-530","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease","volume":"42","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.11.2.611","article-title":"Spongiform encephalopathies in Cervidae","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.81777-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T06:23:13Z","timestamp":1707286993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.81777-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.81777-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]}}}