{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:51:21Z","timestamp":1784904681883,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus VP3 protein (apoptin) was investigated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells and in RSV-induced tumours of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The apoptin gene was cloned in the pVAX expression vector and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> expression of the recombinant vector pVAX-CAV-VP3 was confirmed. Two groups of SPF chicks, each containing ten chicks, were used. Chicks in groups I and II were inoculated with RSV at 1\u2005day old. Group I served as the control, receiving pVAX vector without insert, and group II received recombinant vector pVAX-CAV-VP3 containing the apoptin gene, on day 10. An <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study confirmed that apoptin induced apoptosis in RSV-transformed CEF cells, which was demonstrated by observation of the characteristic changes of apoptosis using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and acridine orange\/ethidium bromide staining. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> study also indicated that apoptin induced apoptosis and caused tumour regression by an intratumoral-delivery method. Apoptotic changes, such as nuclear condensation, fragmentation of the chromatin and formation of apoptic bodies in the tumour cells, were demonstrated by histopathology and acridine orange\/ethidium bromide staining. No apoptotic changes were seen in the tumours of the control group. The results of the present study showed that apoptin had an anti-neoplastic effect <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in RSV-induced tumours. The anti-neoplastic effect is due to apoptin-induced apoptosis. Further improvements in the dose, delivery method and delivery frequency of the apoptin-expressing recombinant vector could help to develop apoptin as an anti-neoplastic drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82085-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,8]],"date-time":"2006-09-08T23:23:46Z","timestamp":1157757826000},"page":"2933-2940","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus VP3 protein (apoptin) in Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumours in chicken"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Senthilkumar","family":"Natesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Avian Diseases, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122 (UP), India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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