{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T07:40:57Z","timestamp":1772696457155,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The complete nucleotide sequence of Middelburg virus (MIDV) was determined for strain MIDV-857 from Zimbabwe. The isolation of this virus in 1993 from a horse that died showing severe clinical signs represents the first indication that MIDV can cause severe disease in equids. Full-length cDNA copies of the viral genome were successfully synthesized by an innovative RT-PCR amplification approach using an \u2018anchor primer\u2019 combined with the SMART methodology described previously for the synthesis of full-length cDNA copies from genome segments of dsRNA viruses. The MIDV-857 genome is 11\u200a674 nt, excluding the 5\u2032-terminal cap structure and poly(A) tail (which varies in length from approximately 180 to approximately 220 residues). The organization of the genome is like that of other alphaviruses, including a read-through stop codon between the nsP3 and nsP4 genes. However, phylogenetic analyses of the structural protein amino acid sequences suggested that the MIDV E1 gene was generated by recombination with a Semliki Forest virus-like virus. This hypothesis was supported by bootscanning analysis using a recombination-detection program. The 3\u2032 untranslated region of MIDV-857 also contains a 112 nt duplication. This study reports the first full-length sequence of MIDV, which was obtained from a single RT-PCR product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83076-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T19:27:59Z","timestamp":1192735679000},"page":"3078-3088","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Complete nucleotide sequence of Middelburg virus, isolated from the spleen of a horse with severe clinical disease in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Houssam","family":"Attoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Sailleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence Fran\u00e7aise de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments, 22 rue Pierre Curie, 94703 Maisons-Alfort Cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fauziah","family":"Mohd Jaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Belhouchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Virologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang Alpes-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, 149 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Biagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Virologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang Alpes-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, 149 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Cantaloube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Virologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang Alpes-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, 149 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"de Micco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Virologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang Alpes-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, 149 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Zientara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence Fran\u00e7aise de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments, 22 rue Pierre Curie, 94703 Maisons-Alfort Cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Serological investigations concerning the presence of antibodies to arboviruses in wild birds","volume":"35","author":"Antipa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Virologie"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(00)00212-3","article-title":"Strategies for the sequence determination of viral dsRNA genomes","volume":"89","author":"Attoui","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.16.10.1624-.1968","article-title":"Effect of sodium deoxycholate on rubella virus","volume":"16","author":"Auletta","year":"1968","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05690.x","article-title":"Assembly of a processive messenger RNA polyadenylation complex","volume":"12","author":"Bienroth","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"R5","first-page":"305","article-title":"Generation and use of high-quality cDNA from small amounts of total RNA by SMART\u2122 PCR","volume-title":"In Gene Cloning and Analysis by RT-PCR","author":"Chenchik","year":"1998"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"917","article-title":"Alphaviruses. 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