{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T18:54:28Z","timestamp":1725735268238},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Experimental transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to cynomolgus monkeys (<jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>) is an animal model for variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease (vCJD). The presence of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples indicates neuronal destruction and is therefore used as a clinical biomarker. However, time-course studies using 14-3-3 proteins have not been performed until now in simian vCJD. The main goals of this study were to determine isoform patterns, to examine kinetics and to correlate the clinical course with the occurrence of this biomarker in simian vCJD. In monkeys dosed intracerebrally with BSE, the earliest clinical sign of illness was a drop in body weight that was detected months before the onset of mild neurological signs. Macaques dosed orally or intracerebrally with BSE developed neurological signs 4.3 (3.7\u20134.6) and 4.8 (2.9\u20136.0) years post-infection, respectively. 14-3-3<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>- and -<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>-positive CSF samples were found around the time of onset of mild neurological signs, but not earlier. In contrast, 14-3-3\u03f5 and -<jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>isoforms were not detectable. 14-3-3 levels increased with time and were positively correlated with the degree of neurological symptoms. Post-mortem examination of brain samples revealed a positive correlation between PrP<jats:sup>res<\/jats:sup>and 14-3-3\u03f5 levels. Interestingly, florid plaques characteristic of human vCJD could not be detected in diseased monkeys. It was concluded that analysis of 14-3-3 proteins in CSF is a reliable tool to characterize the time course of brain degeneration in simian vCJD. However, there are differences in the clinical course between orally and intracerebrally infected animals that may influence the detection of other biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83128-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,17]],"date-time":"2007-11-17T00:19:00Z","timestamp":1195258740000},"page":"3469-3478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Time-course studies of 14-3-3 protein isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid and brain of primates after oral or intracerebral infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Yutzy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Holznagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheick","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Stuke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Hahmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Deslys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Hunsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"L\u00f6wer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.6.803","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein: variability of sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease, laboratory standards, and quantitation","volume":"60","author":"Aksamit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.4.728","article-title":"Quantitation of 14-3-3 and neuron-specific enolase proteins in CSF in Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"57","author":"Aksamit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.132.16.403","article-title":"Experimental transmission of BSE and scrapie to the common marmoset","volume":"132","author":"Baker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00492-4","article-title":"Immunolocalisation of 14-3-3 isoforms in normal and scrapie-infected murine brain","volume":"109","author":"Baxter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1197","article-title":"14-3-3 proteins in the nervous system","volume":"4","author":"Berg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4046","article-title":"Natural and experimental oral infection of nonhuman primates by bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents","volume":"96","author":"Bons","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.11.1528","article-title":"CSF detection of the 14-3-3 protein in unselected patients with dementia","volume":"56","author":"Burkhard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R8","first-page":"319","article-title":"Clinical studies in primates inoculated with kuru and Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob agents","volume":"10","author":"Cathala","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.1999.0193","article-title":"Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease: diagnostic utility of 14-3-3 protein immunodetection in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"7","author":"Collins","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124147","article-title":"Hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake","volume":"312","author":"Cota","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-25","article-title":"Impact of the clinical context on the 14-3-3 test for the diagnosis of sporadic CJD","volume":"6","author":"Cuadrado-Corrales","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1126\/science.155.3759.212","article-title":"Transmission and passage of experimental \u201cKuru\u201d to chimpanzees","volume":"155","author":"Gajdusek","year":"1967","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/230588a0","article-title":"Transmission of two subacute spongiform encephalopathies of man (kuru and Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease) to new world monkeys","volume":"230","author":"Gajdusek","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"291","article-title":"Familial and sporadic chronic neurological degenerative disorders transmitted from man to primates","volume":"10","author":"Gajdusek","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1038\/209794a0","article-title":"Experimental transmission of a Kuru-like syndrome to chimpanzees","volume":"209","author":"Gajdusek","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.6.813","article-title":"Challenging the clinical utility of the 14-3-3 protein for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"60","author":"Geschwind","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2000.tb00240.x","article-title":"Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease: Carnoy's fixative improves the immunohistochemistry of the proteinase K-resistant prion protein","volume":"10","author":"Giaccone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1126\/science.161.3839.388","article-title":"Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease (spongiform encephalopathy): transmission to the chimpanzee","volume":"161","author":"Gibbs","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/142.2.205","article-title":"Oral transmission of kuru, Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease, and scrapie to nonhuman primates","volume":"142","author":"Gibbs","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000066174","article-title":"Increased detection of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid in sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease during the disease course","volume":"48","author":"Giraud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.6.744","article-title":"Use of 14-3-3 and other brain-specific proteins in CSF in the diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"70","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00172-6","article-title":"14-3-3 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with variant and sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease measured using capture assay able to detect low levels of 14-3-3 protein","volume":"324","author":"Green","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15487-1","article-title":"Tissue distribution of bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in primates after intravenous or oral infection","volume":"363","author":"Herzog","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14339","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.14339-14345.2005","article-title":"PrPTSE distribution in a primate model of variant, sporadic, and iatrogenic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"79","author":"Herzog","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609263351303","article-title":"The 14-3-3 brain protein in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies","volume":"335","author":"Hsich","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(1998110)186:3<227::AID-PATH174>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Prion diseases in man","volume":"186","author":"Ironside","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.0031","article-title":"Expression and structural analysis of 14-3-3 proteins","volume":"245","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200009)48:3<395::AID-ANA18>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 14-3-3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of suspected Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease patients","volume":"48","author":"Kenney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.22.1.1390","article-title":"The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies","volume":"22","author":"Lasm\u00e9zas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/381743a0","article-title":"BSE transmission to macaques","volume":"381","author":"Lasm\u00e9zas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.041490898","article-title":"Adaptation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent to primates and comparison with Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease: implications for human health","volume":"98","author":"Lasm\u00e9zas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17985-9","article-title":"Risk of oral infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in primates","volume":"365","author":"Lasm\u00e9zas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80356-Y","article-title":"Antibodies against the major brain isoforms of 14-3-3 protein. An antibody specific for the N -acetylated amino-terminus of a protein","volume":"331","author":"Martin","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63062259.x","article-title":"Subcellular localisation of 14-3-3 isoforms in rat brain using specific antibodies","volume":"63","author":"Martin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197611000-00001","article-title":"Preclinical lesions and their progression in the experimental spongiform encephalopathies (kuru and Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease) in primates","volume":"35","author":"Masters","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05026","article-title":"Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight","volume":"443","author":"Morton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20000701)50:1<58::AID-JEMT9>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Immunolocalization of the cellular prion protein in normal brain","volume":"50","author":"Moya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01180.x","article-title":"Diagnostic value of CSF 14-3-3 detection in sporadic CJD diagnosis according to the age of the patient","volume":"13","author":"Peoc'h","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.1996.0103","article-title":"Association of 14-3-3 proteins with centrosomes","volume":"22","author":"Pietromonaco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh249","article-title":"Predictors of survival in sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease and other human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies","volume":"127","author":"Pocchiari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.4.604-a","article-title":"Discrepancies in the clinical utility of the 14-3-3 protein for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"61","author":"Sanchez-Valle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63322-6","article-title":"The 14-3-3 protein epsilon isoform expressed in reactive astrocytes in demyelinating lesions of multiple sclerosis binds to vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in cultured human astrocytes","volume":"165","author":"Satoh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000182979.56612.08","article-title":"The 14-3-3 protein forms a molecular complex with heat shock protein Hsp60 and cellular prion protein","volume":"64","author":"Satoh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-006-9370-z","article-title":"14-3-3 protein, total tau and phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease and neurodegenerative disease in Japan","volume":"26","author":"Satoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.0030","article-title":"Prion protein gene variation among primates","volume":"245","author":"Sch\u00e4tzl","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.09.004","article-title":"14-3-3 protein levels and isoform patterns in the cerebrospinal fluid of Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease patients in the progressive and terminal stages","volume":"13","author":"Shiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2006.05.006","article-title":"14-3-3 proteins: regulation of endoplasmic reticulum localization and surface expression of membrane proteins","volume":"16","author":"Shikano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.6.983-985.1999","article-title":"Increased levels of \u03f5 and \u03b3 isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"6","author":"Takahashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.9.1210","article-title":"A prospective study of CSF markers in 250 patients with possible Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"74","author":"Van Everbroeck","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.12.002","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"107","author":"Van Everbroeck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.07.001","article-title":"Birth of a prion protein: spontaneous generation revisited","volume":"122","author":"Weissmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)24040-1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid test for new-variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"348","author":"Will","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200005)47:5<575::AID-ANA4>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Diagnosis of new variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"47","author":"Will","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81957-0","article-title":"Clinical, neuropathological and immunohistochemical features of sporadic and variant forms of Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease in the squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus )","volume":"88","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0732485.x","article-title":"Isoform pattern of 14-3-3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","volume":"73","author":"Wiltfang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07472-2","article-title":"New variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease: neurological features and diagnostic tests","volume":"350","author":"Zeidler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200009)48:3<323::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Current clinical diagnosis in Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease: identification of uncommon variants","volume":"48","author":"Zerr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.83128-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T19:46:07Z","timestamp":1684093567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.83128-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.83128-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]}}}