{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T09:57:22Z","timestamp":1775037442031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A Gram-positive, spore-forming, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium,<jats:italic>Pelotomaculum schinkii<\/jats:italic>sp. nov. strain HH<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>, was isolated as a co-culture with<jats:italic>Methanospirillum hungatei<\/jats:italic>JF-1<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>from anaerobic, freeze-dried granular sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sugar beet wastewater. The bacterium converted propionate to acetate in co-culture with<jats:italic>Methanospirillum hungatei<\/jats:italic>JF-1<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>or<jats:italic>Methanobacterium formicicum<\/jats:italic>MF<jats:sup>NT<\/jats:sup>, but not in co-culture with<jats:italic>Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus<\/jats:italic>AZ. The organism could not be cultured axenically with any of the substrates tested and therefore can be considered as a (the first) true anaerobic syntrophic bacterium. The bacterium contained two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences, with 96\u00b78\u200a% sequence similarity, which were both expressed during syntrophic growth on propionate as revealed by fluorescent<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>hybridization. The most closely related organisms are<jats:italic>Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus<\/jats:italic>LR7.2<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>, a bacterium that transforms phenol into benzoate, and<jats:italic>Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum<\/jats:italic>SI<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>, a thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium. Other related species belong to the Gram-positive, sulfate-reducing genus<jats:italic>Desulfotomaculum<\/jats:italic>. The type strain of<jats:italic>Pelotomaculum schinkii<\/jats:italic>is strain HH<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>(=ATCC BAA-615<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>=DSM 15200<jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02880-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,12]],"date-time":"2005-07-12T19:02:05Z","timestamp":1121194925000},"page":"1697-1703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["The first true obligately syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, Pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov., co-cultured with Methanospirillum hungatei, and emended description of the genus Pelotomaculum"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Frank A. M.","family":"de Bok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Hermie J. M.","family":"Harmsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Plugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Maaike C.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Antoon D. L.","family":"Akkermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Willem M.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Alfons J. 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