{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T08:34:14Z","timestamp":1758875654168},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment of mouse macrophages with picolinic acid (PA) and<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>-interferon (IFN<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>) led to the restriction of<jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>proliferation concomitant with the sequential acquisition of metabolic changes typical of apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, annexin V staining and caspase activation, over a period of up to 5\u2005days. However, triggering of cell death by ATP, staurosporine or H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>failed to affect mycobacterial viability. In contrast to untreated macrophages where extensive interactions between phagosomes and endosomes were observed, phagosomes from treated macrophages lost the ability to acquire endosomal dextran.<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-Acetylcysteine was able to revert both the anti-mycobacterial activity of treated macrophages as well as the block in phagosome\u2013endosome interactions. The treatment, however, induced only a minor increase in the acquisition of lysosomal markers, namely Lamp-1, and did not increase to any great extent the acidification of the phagosomes. These data thus suggest that the anti-mycobacterial activity of PA and IFN<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>depends on the interruption of intracellular vesicular trafficking, namely the blocking of acquisition of endosomal material by the microbe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26815-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,8]],"date-time":"2004-05-08T00:53:04Z","timestamp":1083977584000},"page":"1507-1518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Induction of Mycobacterium avium growth restriction and inhibition of phagosome\u2013endosome interactions during macrophage activation and apoptosis induction by picolinic acid plus IFN\u03b3"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Teresa F.","family":"Pais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Infection, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, 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