{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:32:50Z","timestamp":1769160770202,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18705-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,7]],"date-time":"2003-02-07T03:11:18Z","timestamp":1044587478000},"page":"227-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["A possible overwintering mechanism for bluetongue virus in the absence of the insect vector FN1"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Mellor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}]},{"given":"P. P. C.","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Kirkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}]},{"given":"J. N.","family":"Burroughs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}]},{"given":"R. M. E.","family":"Parkhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.11.283","article-title":"Bluetongue disease in dogs associated with contaminated vaccine","volume":"134","author":"Akita","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.568","article-title":"Evidence of natural bluetongue virus infection among African carnivores","volume":"51","author":"Alexander","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"4","article-title":"Bluetongue in Bosnia and Herzegovina","volume":"15","year":"2002","journal-title":"OIE Dis Info"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300031254","article-title":"The maintenance of laboratory colonies of Culicoides variipennis (Coq.), C. nubeculosus (Mg.) and C. riethi (Kieff.) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)","volume":"64","author":"Boorman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(92)90153-Z","article-title":"Cellular immune responses in the skin of sheep infected with larvae of Lucilia cuprina , the sheep blowfly","volume":"44","author":"Bowles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-8-1849","article-title":"Purification and properties of virus particles, infectious subviral particles, cores and VP7 crystals of African horsesickness virus serotype 9","volume":"75","author":"Burroughs","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R7","first-page":"460","article-title":"African horsesickness. In Infectious Diseases of Livestock with Special Reference to Southern Africa","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Coetzer","year":"1994"},{"key":"R8","first-page":"89","article-title":"The replication of bluetongue virus","volume":"162","author":"Eaton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-776.x","article-title":"Inflammation-induced changes in the phenotype and cytokine profile of cells migrating through skin and afferent lymph","volume":"89","author":"Egan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050540","article-title":"The barriers to bluetongue virus infection, dissemination and transmission in the vector, Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)","volume":"144","author":"Fu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00370720","article-title":"Mast cell proteinases and cytokines in skin inflammation","volume":"287","author":"Harvima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"R12","first-page":"629","article-title":"Generation of cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes following immunization of mice with various bluetongue virus types","volume":"45","author":"Jeggo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317901","article-title":"The susceptibility of cell lines of Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes pseudoscutellaris (Therobald) to infection with bluetongue virus","volume":"59","author":"Jennings","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270321","article-title":"Growth arrest of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells induced by monoclonal antibody against WC1 correlates with activation of multiple tyrosine phosphatases and dephosphorylation of MAP kinase erk2","volume":"27","author":"Kirkham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.4.1630","article-title":"Transcription factor E2F controls the reversible \u03b3\u03b4 T cell growth arrest mediated through WC1","volume":"161","author":"Kirkham","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00255-7","article-title":"Duration of bluetongue viraemia and serological responses in experimentally infected European breeds of sheep and goats","volume":"64","author":"Koumbati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1977.26.313","article-title":"Overwintering mechanism for bluetongue virus: biological recovery of latent virus from a bovine by bites of Culicoides variipennis","volume":"26","author":"Luedke","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(93)90175-4","article-title":"Expression of T19 (WC1) molecules by ovine lymphocytes","volume":"39","author":"Lund","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"R19","first-page":"725","article-title":"Bluetongue virus infection of cattle","volume-title":"In Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness and Related Orbiviruses","author":"MacLachlan","year":"1991"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-10-2607","article-title":"Proteolytic cleavage of VP2, an outer capsid protein of African horse sickness virus, by species-specific serum proteases enhances infectivity in Culicoides","volume":"76","author":"Marchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R21","first-page":"143","article-title":"The replication of bluetongue virus in Culicoides vectors","volume":"162","author":"Mellor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R22","first-page":"199","article-title":"African horse sickness: transmission and epidemiology","volume":"24","author":"Mellor","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(94)90048-5","article-title":"Epizootiology and vectors of African horse sickness virus","volume":"17","author":"Mellor","year":"1994a","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R24","first-page":"7","article-title":"Bluetongue","volume":"4","author":"Mellor","year":"1994b","journal-title":"State Vet J"},{"key":"R25","first-page":"301","article-title":"Culicoides : vectors, climate change and disease risk","volume":"66","author":"Mellor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Bull"},{"key":"R26","first-page":"439","article-title":"Climate change and the distribution of vector borne diseases with special reference to African horse sickness virus","volume-title":"In Towards Livestock Disease Diagnosis & Control in the 21st Century","author":"Mellor","year":"1998"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.95.18.411","article-title":"The probable cause of \u2018sweet itch\u2019 in England","volume":"95","author":"Mellor","year":"1974","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1980.11687368","article-title":"Multiplication of bluetongue virus in Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) simultaneously infected with the virus and the microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis (Raillet & Henry)","volume":"4","author":"Mellor","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11812923","article-title":"The transmission and geographical spread of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses","volume":"89","author":"Mellor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2002.0713","article-title":"Bluetongue virus in the Mediterranean basin 1998 to 2001","volume":"164","author":"Mellor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400065190","article-title":"Isolation of bluetongue and related viruses from Culicoides spp. in the Sudan","volume":"93","author":"Mellor","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90280-7","article-title":"Purification and properties of virus particles, infectious subviral particles, and cores of bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 4","volume":"157","author":"Mertens","year":"1987","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0153","article-title":"Enhanced infectivity of modified bluetongue virus particles for two insect cell lines and for two Culicoides vector species","volume":"217","author":"Mertens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R34","first-page":"279","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of blood cells from calves experimentally infected with bluetongue virus","volume-title":"In Bluetongue and Related Orbiviruses","author":"Morrill","year":"1985"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-72095-6_2","article-title":"Apoptosis and cytopathic effect of reovirus","volume-title":"In Reoviruses II, Cytogenicity and Pathogenesis","author":"Oberhause","year":"1998"},{"key":"R36","first-page":"85","article-title":"The seasonal and geographical distribution of Culicoides imicola , C. pulicaris group and C. obsoletus group biting midges in central and southern Spain","volume":"14","author":"Ortega","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Virol Suppl"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-8166(16)30347-0","article-title":"Isolation and culture of pulmonary artery endothelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Ryan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"R38","first-page":"587","article-title":"Epidemiology of bluetongue and the import and export of livestock, semen and embryos","volume":"92","author":"Sellers","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull Off Int Epizoot"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-2-363","article-title":"Interaction of bluetongue virus with bovine lymphocytes","volume":"71","author":"Stott","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R40","first-page":"781","article-title":"Bluetongue virus tropism for bovine lymphocyte sub-populations","volume-title":"In Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness and Related Orbiviruses","author":"Stott","year":"1992"},{"key":"R41","first-page":"258","article-title":"Cultivation of bluetongue virus-specific ovine T cells and their cross-reactivity with different serotype viruses","volume":"66","author":"Takamatsu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"R42","first-page":"293","article-title":"Characterization of long-term cultured bovine CD4-positive and CD8-positive T-cell lines and clones","volume":"69","author":"Takamatsu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270116","article-title":"A \u03b3\u03b4 T cell specific surface receptor (WC1) signalling G0\/G1 cell cycle arrest","volume":"27","author":"Takamatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051323","article-title":"Distribution of bluetongue virus in Turkey, 1978\u201381","volume":"112","author":"Taylor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(89)90123-7","article-title":"Cell lines from Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) support replication of bluetongue virus","volume":"54","author":"Wechsler","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-70-7-1663","article-title":"Bluetongue virus infection of bovine monocytes","volume":"70","author":"Whetter","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.111.7.144","article-title":"Bluetongue in western Turkey","volume":"111","author":"Yonguc","year":"1982","journal-title":"Vet Rec"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.18705-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T19:23:11Z","timestamp":1682450591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.18705-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.18705-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}}}