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Two major causes of gastric ulcers are<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.<jats:italic>Aims<\/jats:italic>. This study aimed to determine if there were different expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) between<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected and NSAID-related ulcers.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The 126 gastric ulcer patients (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infected<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>46<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; NSAID related<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>30<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; combined with two factors<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>50<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) provided ulcer and nonulcer tissues for assessment of MMP-3, -7, and -9 and TIMP-1 expression by immunohistochemical staining.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Gastric ulcer tissues had significantly higher MMP-3, -7, and -9 and TIMP-1 expressions than nonulcer tissues (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected gastric ulcers had even higher MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 expressions in epithelial cells than NSAID-related gastric ulcers (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). In patients with the two combined factors, gastric ulcers expressed similar proportions of antral ulcers and MMP-7 and MMP-9 intensities to NSAID-related gastric ulcers, but lower MMP-9 and TIMP-1 than<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected gastric ulcers (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions. H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected gastric ulcers express higher MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 than NSAID-related ulcers. In patients with the two combined factors, ulcer location and MMP-7 and MMP-9 intensities are similar to NSAID use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/539316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T22:02:29Z","timestamp":1335909749000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Expressions of MMPs and TIMP-1 in Gastric Ulcers May Differentiate<i>H. pylori<\/i>-Infected from NSAID-Related Ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1100","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Hsiu-Chi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70403, 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