{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T20:41:19Z","timestamp":1772052079015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa de Minas Gerais"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of a vaccine would be essential for the control of schistosomiasis, which is recognized as the most important human helminth infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. A new approach of oral vaccination with DNA-chitosan nanoparticles appears interesting because of their great stability and the ease of target accessibility, besides chitosan immunostimulatory properties. Here we described that chitosan nanoparticles loaded with plasmid DNA encoding Rho1-GTPase protein of<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, prepared at different molar ratios of primary amines to DNA phosphate anion (N\/P), were able to complex electrostatically with DNA and condense it into positively charged nanostructures. Nanoparticles were able to maintain zeta potential and size characteristics in media that simulate gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF). Further<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>studies showed that oral immunization was not able to induce high levels of specific antibodies but induced high levels of the modulatory cytokine IL-10. This resulted in a significative reduce of liver pathology, although it could not protect mice of infection challenge with<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>worms. Mice immunized only with chitosan nanoparticles presented 47% of protection against parasite infection, suggesting an important role of chitosan in inducing a protective immune response against schistosomiasis, which will be more explored in further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/938457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,22]],"date-time":"2012-04-22T22:00:26Z","timestamp":1335132026000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Oral Vaccination Based on DNA-Chitosan Nanoparticles against<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1100","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Carolina R.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos 6627, ICB Q4-167, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"C\u00edntia M. F.","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos 6627, ICB Q4-167, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marina R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos 6627, ICB Q4-167, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Olga M.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marqu\u00eas de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universdade de Coimbra, P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana 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