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PS was induced using restraint and water immersion techniques once daily for 3 hr at a time for a period of 4 weeks.Results: Oxidative stress increased with increasing PS frequency. The weights of organs other than the adrenal glands significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency, indicating growth suppression. Furthermore, bone morphology, weight, and length significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency.Conclusions: High-frequency PS exposure during developmental growth significantly negatively affects oxidative stress and organ and bone development. In particular, increased oxidative stress due to excessive PS has detrimental effects on organ and bone growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2024.31.3.196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:14:21Z","timestamp":1725840861000},"page":"196-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11005\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Psychogenic Stress Frequency during the Growth Stage on Oxidative Stress, Organ and Bone Development"],"prefix":"10.11005","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sangun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1002-2118","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maho","family":"Tairabune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4179-3440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuka","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3619-0686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atsunori","family":"Itagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5105-4794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Issei","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7498-0555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takumi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5213-4771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Shibukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9879-9663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atsuko","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4758","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000597"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2293","volume-title":"Stress fractures","author":"Thein","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.035"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636120-00003"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4033-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2018.03.005"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2016-0038"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2018.1484445"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496004"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2018.1499961"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-012-0411-z"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2177\/jsci.40.367"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"521","volume-title":"Programs for continuing medical education 2016: B session: 3. 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