{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:11:44Z","timestamp":1790413904043,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"group-title":"Molecular Biology","reference-count":16,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The site of SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication critically impacts strategies for COVID-19 diagnosis, transmission mitigation, and treatment. We determined the cellular location of the SARS-CoV-2 target receptor protein, ACE2, in the human upper airway, finding striking enrichment (200-700 folds) in the olfactory neuroepithelium relative to nasal respiratory or tracheal epithelial cells. This cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 may underlie its high transmissibility and association with olfactory dysfunction, while suggesting a viral reservoir potentially amenable to intranasal therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.08.084996","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T06:35:14Z","timestamp":1589092514000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Elevated ACE2 expression in the olfactory neuroepithelium: implications for anosmia and upper respiratory SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Mengfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Kulaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hillel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Murugappan","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","article-title":"Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sungnak W , Huang N , Becavin C , et al. (2020) SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nat Med.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.7","unstructured":"Lechien JR , Chiesa-Estomba CM , De Siati DR , et al. (2020) Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Doremalen N , Schafer A , Menachery VD , et al. (2018) SARS-Like Coronavirus WIV1-CoV Does Not Replicate in Egyptian Fruit Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus). 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(2020) Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W , Xu Y , Gao R , et al. (2020) Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3786"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfel R , Corman VM , Guggemos W , et al. (2020) Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"2024080404143026000_2020.05.08.084996v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao XH , He ZC , Li TY , et al. (2020) Pathological evidence for residual SARS-CoV-2 in pulmonary tissues of a ready-for-discharge patient. Cell Res.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0318-5"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.05.08.084996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:21:36Z","timestamp":1768436496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.05.08.084996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"references-count":16,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.08.084996","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}