{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:57:40Z","timestamp":1768550260986,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":0,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Accurate serological assays can improve the early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but few studies have compared performance characteristics between assays in symptomatic and recovered patients.  \nMethods: We recruited 32 patients who had 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19; 18 hospitalized and actively symptomatic, 14 recovered mild cases), and measured levels of IgM (against the full-length S1 or the highly homologous SARS-CoV E protein) and IgG (against S1 receptor binding domain [RBD]).  We performed the same analysis in 103 pre-2020 healthy adult control (HC) participants and 13 participants who had negative molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2.\nResults: Anti-S1-RBD IgG levels were very elevated within days of symptom onset for hospitalized patients (median 2.04 optical density [OD], vs. 0.12 in HC).  People who recovered from milder COVID-19 only reached similar IgG levels 28 days after symptom onset.  IgM levels were elevated early in both groups (median 1.91 and 2.12 vs. 1.14 OD in HC for anti-S1 IgM, 2.23 and 2.26 vs 1.52 in HC for anti-E IgM), with downward trends in hospitalized cases having longer disease duration.  The combination of the two IgM levels showed similar sensitivity for COVID-19 as IgG but greater specificity, and identified 4\/10 people (vs. 3\/10 by IgG) with prior symptoms and negative molecular testing to have had COVID-19.\nConclusions: Disease severity and timing both influence levels of IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, with IgG better for early detection of severe cases but IgM more suited for early detection of milder cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097535","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T10:49:49Z","timestamp":1589453389000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cross-sectional IgM and IgG profiles in SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Tugba","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4599-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karima","family":"Benameur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard P","family":"Ramonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Cashman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shama","family":"Pirmohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Bassit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Roback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vince C","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond F","family":"Schinazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Wharton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. Eun-Hyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4862-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William T","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097535","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:40:19Z","timestamp":1768484419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097535","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}