{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T15:25:32Z","timestamp":1768490732972,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"group-title":"Genetics","reference-count":20,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  There has been significant concern regarding fertility and reproductive outcomes during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Recent data suggests a high concentration of SARS-Cov2 receptors,\n                  <jats:italic>ACE2<\/jats:italic>\n                  or\n                  <jats:italic>TMPRSS2<\/jats:italic>\n                  , in nasal epithelium and cornea, which explains person-to-person transmission. We investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV2 receptors among reproductive tissues by exploring the single-cell sequencing datasets from uterus, myometrium, ovary, fallopian tube, and breast epithelium. We did not detect significant expression of either\n                  <jats:italic>ACE2<\/jats:italic>\n                  or\n                  <jats:italic>TMPRSS2<\/jats:italic>\n                  in the normal human myometrium, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, or breast. Furthermore, none of the cell types in the female reproductive organs we investigated, showed the co-expression of\n                  <jats:italic>ACE2<\/jats:italic>\n                  with proteases,\n                  <jats:italic>TMPRSS2<\/jats:italic>\n                  , Cathepsin B (\n                  <jats:italic>CTSB<\/jats:italic>\n                  ), and Cathepsin L (\n                  <jats:italic>CTSL<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) known to facilitate the entry of SARS2-CoV2 into the host cell. These results suggest that myometrium, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, and breast are unlikely to be susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV2. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 is unlikely to contribute to pregnancy-related adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, transmission of COVID-19 through breast milk, oogenesis and female fertility.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.20.163097","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:45:58Z","timestamp":1592873158000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Female reproductive tract has low concentration of SARS-CoV2 receptors"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1661-1936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyoti","family":"Goad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Rajkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-020518-115759"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.3","unstructured":". Situation report-107. In: World health organization, 2020."},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.4","unstructured":". In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020."},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwata-Yoshikawa N , Okamura T , Shimizu Y , Hasegawa H , Takeda M , Nagata N. TMPRSS2 Contributes to Virus Spread and Immunopathology in the Airways of Murine Models after Coronavirus Infection. J Virol 2019;93.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01815-18"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanes ED , Mithal LB , Otero S , Azad HA , Miller ES , Goldstein JA. Placental pathology in COVID-19. medRxiv 2020:2020.05.08.20093229.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.08.20093229"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22014","article-title":"Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review","volume":"55","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14936-3","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of human ovarian cortex identifies distinct cell populations but no oogonial stem cells","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.01.003"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1207"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.13","first-page":"950","article-title":"Kartagener\u2019s syndrome does exist","volume":"2","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1210339"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2157-4","article-title":"Construction of a human cell landscape at single-cell level","volume":"581","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04334-1"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.17","first-page":"e34","article-title":"Risks of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pregnancy; a Narrative Review","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baud D , Greub G , Favre G , Gengler C , Jaton K , Dubruc E et al. Second-Trimester Miscarriage in a Pregnant Woman With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA 2020.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7233"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ackermann M , Verleden SE , Kuehnel M , Haverich A , Welte T , Laenger F et al. Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432"},{"key":"2024080412063604000_2020.06.20.163097v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006000","article-title":"COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation","volume":"135","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.06.20.163097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:32:04Z","timestamp":1768437124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2020.06.20.163097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.20.163097","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}