{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T17:38:00Z","timestamp":1781545080906,"version":"3.54.5"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"group-title":"Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS)","reference-count":30,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  By interrogating metabolic programs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of acutely infected COVID-19 patients, we identified novel and distinct immune cell subsets Our studies identified a non-clonal population of T cells expressing high H3K27me3 and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to cell death. Characterized by dysmorphic mitochondria and increased cytoplasmic cytochrome\n                  <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                  , apoptosis of these cells was inhibited by preventing VDAC aggregation or blocking caspase activation. Further, we observed a marked increase in Hexokinase II\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  polymorphonuclear-myeloid derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC). While PMN-MDSC were also found in the PBMC of patients with other viral infections, the Hexokinase II\n                  <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                  PMN-MDSC were found exclusively in the acute COVID-19 patients with moderate or severe disease. Finally, we identified a population of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) expressing high carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1a) and VDAC, which were present in the PBMC of the acute COVID-19 patients, but not recovered COVID-19 patients and whose presence correlated with severity of disease. Overall, these unique populations of immune cells provide insight into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide a means to predict and track disease severity as well as an opportunity to design and evaluate novel therapeutic regimens.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>One Sentence Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metabolic programs define unique immune cells among COVID-19 patients with severe diease.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.10.20186064","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T23:15:12Z","timestamp":1599866112000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mitochondrial induced T cell apoptosis and aberrant myeloid metabolic programs define distinct immune cell subsets during acute and recovered SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth 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