{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T16:16:46Z","timestamp":1768493806073,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":35,"publisher":"openRxiv","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/about\/FAQ#license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  An inexpensive readily manufactured COVID-19 vaccine that protects against severe disease is needed to combat the pandemic. We have employed the LVS \u0394\n                  <jats:italic>capB<\/jats:italic>\n                  vector platform, previously used successfully to generate potent vaccines against the Select Agents of tularemia, anthrax, plague, and melioidosis, to generate a COVID-19 vaccine. The LVS \u0394\n                  <jats:italic>capB<\/jats:italic>\n                  vector, a replicating intracellular bacterium, is a highly attenuated derivative of a tularemia vaccine (LVS) previously administered to millions of people. We generated vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins and evaluated them for efficacy in the golden Syrian hamster, which develops severe COVID-19 disease. Hamsters immunized intradermally or intranasally with a vaccine co-expressing the Membrane (M) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins, then challenged 5-weeks later with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2, were protected against severe weight loss and lung pathology and had reduced viral loads in the oropharynx and lungs. Protection by the vaccine, which induces murine N-specific interferon-gamma secreting T cells, was highly correlated with pre-challenge serum anti-N TH1-biased IgG. This potent vaccine against severe COVID-19 should be safe and easily manufactured, stored, and distributed, and given the high homology between MN proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, has potential as a universal vaccine against the SARS subset of pandemic causing \u03b2-coronaviruses.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.17.387555","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T21:14:22Z","timestamp":1605734062000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Replicating bacterium-vectored vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 Membrane and Nucleocapsid proteins protects against severe COVID-19 disease in hamsters"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2328-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingmei","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helle","family":"Bielefeldt-Ohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Maison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa\u0161a","family":"Masle\u0161a-Gali\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7576-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Horwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024080500292784000_2020.11.17.387555v1.1","unstructured":"Center, J. 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