{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:53:43Z","timestamp":1790776423447,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"group-title":"Otolaryngology","reference-count":53,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluations, but are too costly and lengthy for population surveillance in health emergencies like COVID-19. We developed the\n                    <jats:italic>SCENTinel 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                    test which rapidly evaluates three olfactory functions (detection, intensity, and identification). We tested whether self-administering the\n                    <jats:italic>SCENTinel 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                    test discriminates between individuals with smell loss or average smell ability (normosmics), and provides comparable performance as the validated and standardized NIH Toolbox\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    Odor Identification Test in normosmics.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Using Bayesian linear models and prognostic classification algorithms, we compared the\n                    <jats:italic>SCENTinel 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                    performance of a group of self-reported anosmics (N=111, 47\u00b113yo, F=71%,) and normosmics (N=154, 47\u00b114yo, F=74%), as well as individuals reporting other smell disorders (e.g., hyposmia, parosmia; N=42, 55\u00b110yo, F=67%).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ninety-four percent of normosmics met our\n                    <jats:italic>SCENTinel 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                    accuracy criteria, while only 10% of anosmics and 64% of individuals with other smell disorders did. Overall performance on\n                    <jats:italic>SCENTinel 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                    predicted belonging to the normosmic group better than identification or detection alone (vs. anosmic: AUC=0.95, Sensitivity=0.72, Specificity=0.94). Odor intensity provided the best single-feature predictor to classify normosmics. Among normosmics, 92% met the accuracy criteria at both\n                    <jats:italic>SCENTinel 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the NIH Toolbox\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    Odor Identification Test.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>SCENTinel 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>0<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a practical test able to discriminate individuals with smell loss and is likely to be useful in many clinical situations, including COVID-19 symptom screening.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                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