{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:01:32Z","timestamp":1790676092227,"version":"4.1.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":51,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While mRNA vaccines are proving highly efficacious against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to determine how booster doses and prior infection influence the immune defense they elicit, and whether they protect against variants. Focusing on the T cell response, we conducted a longitudinal study of infection-na\u00efve and COVID-19 convalescent donors before vaccination and after their first and second vaccine doses, using a high-parameter CyTOF analysis to phenotype their SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Vaccine-elicited spike-specific T cells responded similarly to stimulation by spike epitopes from the ancestral, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variant strains, both in terms of cell numbers and phenotypes. In infection-na\u00efve individuals, the second dose boosted the quantity and altered the phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, while in convalescents the second dose changed neither. Spike-specific T cells from convalescent vaccinees differed strikingly from those of infection-na\u00efve vaccinees, with phenotypic features suggesting superior long-term persistence and ability to home to the respiratory tract including the nasopharynx. These results provide reassurance that vaccine-elicited T cells respond robustly to emerging viral variants, confirm that convalescents may not need a second vaccine dose, and suggest that vaccinated convalescents may have more persistent nasopharynx-homing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells compared to their infection-na\u00efve counterparts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.12.443888","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T02:15:22Z","timestamp":1620872122000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["mRNA vaccine-induced T cells respond identically to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern but differ in longevity and homing properties depending on prior infection status"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Neidleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guorui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warner C.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulggi A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia R.","family":"Roan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2021073106251742000_2021.05.12.443888v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.043"},{"key":"2021073106251742000_2021.05.12.443888v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.11.012","article-title":"D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV- 2 Susceptibility to Neutralization","volume":"29","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2021073106251742000_2021.05.12.443888v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.02.020","article-title":"The variant gambit: COVID-19\u2019s next move","volume":"29","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2021073106251742000_2021.05.12.443888v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-01696-3","article-title":"Delta coronavirus variant: scientists brace for impact","volume":"595","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073106251742000_2021.05.12.443888v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies NG , Jarvis CI , Group CC-W , Edmunds WJ , Jewell NP , Diaz-Ordaz K and Keogh RH . 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