{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T08:04:33Z","timestamp":1768550673703,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"group-title":"Hematology","reference-count":22,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM)-related morbidity has a profound effect on quality of life (QoL), and immune function, but few studies have prospectively examined the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and attendant vaccination on both immunity and QoL of patients with MM. We aimed to characterise these effects in a prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We initiated a prospective national cohort study of patients with MM from start of the second wave of SARS CoV-2 infections in December 2020 and resultant COVID lockdown in the United Kingdom. We assessed current myeloma status, history of COVID19 symptoms, testing and vaccination including response using the\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/rudystudy.org\">rudystudy.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    platform. In addition, healthcare resource use, mental and social well being and loneliness (Lubben scale) from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report data from the first one hundred and nine adults with MM who completed the questionnaires and the first round of blood testing in the cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five patients (4.5%) had COVID-19 infection confirmed by history and\/or testing (Nucleocapsid antibody). Up to 98% of patients shielded completely or partially during both waves of the pandemic, with 18% of patients consequently changing antimyeloma therapy in the shielding period. Using the Lubben scale, 21\/99 (21.2 %) reported social isolation. Using HADS scale 23.1% of patients reported symptoms of mild to moderate anxiety or mild to moderate depression during this period. Humoral immune response (spike ab) tested 3 weeks after first vaccination was detected in 17\/28 (60%) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Myeloma patients shielded during waves of the pandemic with significant change to therapy, low level natural COVID-19 infection (4%) and social isolation. Humoral response following the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine is lower than that reported in non-myeloma cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>What is already known on this topic<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Limited published data exist on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on myeloma patients. Post first vaccine response in myeloma patients has been reported in a small number of patients from two studies ranging from 25 % to 56%.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>What this study adds<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study reports myeloma patients shielded during waves of the pandemic and demonstrates consequent significant social isolation and changes to therapy. Low level natural COVID-19 infection (4%) was noted in the study and humoral response following first dose of COVID-19 vaccine was lower than that reported in non-myeloma cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.20.21257379","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T17:20:11Z","timestamp":1621704011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["COVID symptoms, testing, shielding impact on patient reported outcomes and early vaccine responses in individuals with multiple 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