{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T18:34:47Z","timestamp":1768502087038,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":27,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Mucosal vaccines and vaccines that block pathogen transmission are under-appreciated in vaccine development. However, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has shown that blocking viral transmission is an important attribute of efficient vaccines. Here, we investigated if recombinant influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) vaccines delivered at a mucosal site could protect from onward transmission of influenza B viruses in the guinea pig model. We tested four different scenarios in which sequential transmission was investigated in chains of four guinea pigs. The variables tested included a low and a high viral inoculum (10\n                  <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                  vs 10\n                  <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                  plaque forming units) in the initial donor guinea pig and variation of exposure\/cohousing time (1 day vs 6 days). In three out of four scenarios \u2013 low inoculum-long exposure, low inoculum-short exposure and high inoculum-short exposure \u2013 transmission chains were efficiently blocked. Based on this data we believe an intranasal recombinant NA vaccine could be used to efficiently curtail influenza virus spread in the human population during influenza epidemics.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaccines that can slow respiratory virus transmission in the population are urgently needed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus. Here we describe how a recombinant neuraminidase-based influenza virus vaccines reduces transmission in vaccinated guinea pigs in an exposure-intensity based manner.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.10.19.512980","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T01:05:33Z","timestamp":1666314333000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunity induced by vaccination with recombinant influenza B virus neuraminidase protein breaks viral transmission chains in guinea pigs in an exposure intensity-dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7450-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meagan","family":"McMahon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"O\u2019Dell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ericka Kirkpatrick","family":"Roubidoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Strohmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javaid W , Ehni J , Gonzalez-Reiche AS , Carre\u00f1o JM , Hirsch E , Tan J , Khan Z , Kriti D , Ly T , Kranitzky B , Barnett B , Cera F , Prespa L , Moss M , Albrecht RA , Mustafa A , Herbison I , Hernandez MM , Pak TR , Alshammary H , Sebra R , Smith M , Krammer F , Gitman MR , Sordillo EM , Simon V , van Bakel H. 2020. Real-Time Investigation of a Large Nosocomial Influenza A Outbreak Informed by Genomic Epidemiology. Clin Infect Dis.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.10.20096693"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103788","article-title":"Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients","volume":"75","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sano K , Bhavsar D , Singh G , Floda D , Srivastava K , Gleason C , Group PS , Carre\u00f1o JM , Simon V , Krammer F. 2021. Efficient mucosal antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is induced in previously infected individuals. medRxiv:2021.12.06.21267352.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.12.06.21267352"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339710"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krammer F , Fouchier RAM , Eichelberger MC , Webby RJ , Shaw-Saliba K , Wan H , Wilson PC , Compans RW , Skountzou I , Monto AS. 2018. NAction! How Can Neuraminidase-Based Immunity Contribute to Better Influenza Virus Vaccines? 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Vaccination with Adjuvanted Recombinant Neuraminidase Induces Broad Heterologous, but Not Heterosubtypic, Cross-Protection against Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. 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Vaccines (Basel) 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040404"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00486-w","article-title":"A CpG 1018 adjuvanted neuraminidase vaccine provides robust protection from influenza virus challenge in mice","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.08.067","article-title":"Correctly folded - but not necessarily functional - influenza virus neuraminidase is required to induce protective antibody responses in mice","volume":"38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604157103"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00959-08"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/51112"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043603"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.26","first-page":"e00560","article-title":"Mucosal Immunity against Neuraminidase Prevents Influenza B Virus Transmission in Guinea Pigs","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2022102604401253000_2022.10.19.512980v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29793"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2022.10.19.512980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:45:51Z","timestamp":1768448751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2022.10.19.512980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.10.19.512980","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1128\/jvi.01057-23","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}