{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T19:18:03Z","timestamp":1768504683669,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":23,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract and one of the most causes of human fungal disease, including mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal candidiasis and disseminated infections of the bloodstream and deep organs. We directly compared the in vivo transcriptional profile of\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  during oral infection and disseminated infection of the kidney to identify niche specific features. Although the expression of a set of environmentally responsive genes were correlated in the two infection sites (Pearson R\n                  <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                  , 0.6), XXX genes were differentially expressed. Virulence associated genes such as hyphae-specific transcripts were expressed similarly in the two sites. Genes expressed during growth in a poor carbon source (\n                  <jats:italic>ACS1<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>PCK1<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) were upregulated in oral tissue relative to kidney. Most strikingly,\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  in oral tissue shows the transcriptional hallmarks of an iron-replete state while in the kidney it is in the expected iron starved state. Interestingly,\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  expresses genes associated with a low zinc environment in both niches. Consistent with these expression data, deletion of two transcription factors that activate iron uptake genes (\n                  <jats:italic>SEF1<\/jats:italic>\n                  ,\n                  <jats:italic>HAP5<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) have no effect on virulence in a mouse model of oral candidiasis. During microbial infection, the host sequesters iron and other metal nutrients to suppress growth of the pathogen in a process called nutritional immunity. Our results indicate that\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  is subject to iron and zinc nutritional immunity during disseminated infection but is exempted from iron nutritional immunity during oral infection.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.11.523704","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T22:15:18Z","timestamp":1673561718000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                  oropharyngeal infection is an exception to iron-based nutritional immunity"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Norma V.","family":"Solis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohan S.","family":"Wakade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott G.","family":"Filler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian J.","family":"Krysan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00745-6","article-title":"Nutritional immunity: the battle for nutrient metals at the host-pathogen interface","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002076"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36055"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.07.005"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6010015","article-title":"Oral candidiasis: a disease of opportunity","volume":"6","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00103-12"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.011"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2636"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27663-0"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0085122","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00851-22","article-title":"Candida albicans filamentation does not require the cAMP-PKA pathway in vivo","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.3.971-978.2000"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01198.x"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00069-3"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00253-08"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.233569"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2018.1447216"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.17","first-page":"973","article-title":"Operationally defined solubilization of copper and iron in human saliva and implications for metallic flavor perception","volume":"233","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Food Res Technol"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)03225-2"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202411"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01389-13"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.21","first-page":"e02152","article-title":"Iron chelator deferasirox reduces Candida albicans invasion of oral epithelial cells and infection levels in murine oropharyngeal candidiasis","volume":"63","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Homann OR , Dea J , Noble SM , Johnson AD. A phenotypic profile of the Candida albicans regulatory network. PLoS Genet. 5:e1000783.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000783"},{"key":"2023011402351089000_2023.01.11.523704v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0085122","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00851-22","article-title":"Candida albicans filamentation does not require the cAMP-PKA pathway in vivo","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.01.11.523704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:07:24Z","timestamp":1768450044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.01.11.523704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.01.11.523704","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}