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Children with ASD showed comparable learning relative to typically developing children but were less likely to shift from rule-based to memory-based strategy. Critically, while learning gains in typically developing children were associated with greater plasticity of neural representations in the medial temporal lobe and intraparietal sulcus, learning in children with ASD was associated with more stable neural representations. Crucially, the relation between learning and plasticity of neural representations was moderated by insistence on sameness, a core phenotypic feature of ASD. Our study uncovers atypical cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying learning in children with ASD, and informs pedagogical strategies for nurturing cognitive abilities in childhood autism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.25.525594","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T20:55:13Z","timestamp":1674766513000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Atypical cognitive training-induced learning and brain plasticity and their relation to insistence on sameness in children with autism"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyesang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia Boram","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Rosenberg-Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.08.002","article-title":"Brain areas associated with numbers and calculations in children: Meta-analyses of fMRI studies","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.08.005"},{"key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144137"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.4\/sbaroncohen","article-title":"Autism and talent: the cognitive and neural basis of systemizing","volume":"19","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1206"},{"key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12110-007-9014-0"},{"key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040600630288"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210903536910","article-title":"Intact implicit learning in autism spectrum conditions","volume":"63","year":"2010","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol (Hove)"},{"key":"2023012717252312000_2023.01.25.525594v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bullen, J. 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