{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T21:22:02Z","timestamp":1787865722227,"version":"build-2784847793"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":55,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Helminth infections are common in animals. However, the impact of a helminth infection on the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other hematopoietic cells has not been comprehensively defined. Here we describe the hematopoietic response to infection of mice with\n                  <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni,<\/jats:italic>\n                  a parasitic flatworm which causes schistosomiasis. We analyzed the frequency or number of hematopoietic cell types in the bone marrow, spleen, liver, thymus, and blood, and observed multiple hematopoietic changes caused by infection. Schistosome infection impaired bone marrow HSC function after serial transplantation. Functional HSCs were present in the infected liver. Infection blocked bone marrow erythropoiesis and augmented spleen erythropoiesis, observations consistent with the anemia and splenomegaly prevalent in schistosomiasis patients. This work defines the hematopoietic response to schistosomiasis, a debilitating disease afflicting more than 200 million people, and identifies impairments in HSC function and erythropoiesis.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.10.528073","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:25:23Z","timestamp":1676075123000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Helminth infection impacts hematopoiesis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Wijshake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Marlar-Pavey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"James J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalis","family":"Agathocleous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","volume":"4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.06.005","article-title":"Type 2 immunity: a two-edged sword in schistosomiasis immunopathology","volume":"43","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.012"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66457-4"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395307084407"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30535-7","article-title":"A call to strengthen the global strategy against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: the time is now","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90129-9"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0354-4"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri843"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003250"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008600","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008600","article-title":"Epidemiological insights from a large-scale investigation of intestinal helminths in Medieval Europe","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.TP_32_17","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection among schoolchildren in central Zambia before and after mass treatment with a single dose of praziquantel","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toft II JD. The Pathoparasitology of Nonhuman Primates: A Review. In: Benirschke K , editor. Primates Proceedings in Life Sciences New York, NY: Springer; 1986.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4918-4_45"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X12000028"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caiado F , Pietras EM , Manz MG. Inflammation as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function in disease, aging, and clonal selection. J Exp Med. 2021;218(7).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201541"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.11.031","article-title":"Chronic Infection Depletes Hematopoietic Stem Cells through Stress-Induced Terminal Differentiation","volume":"17","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09135"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.05.004"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Mantilla DE , Kain B , Le D , Flores AR , Paust S , King KY. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells improve survival from sepsis by boosting immunomodulatory cells. Elife. 2022;11.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74561"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-00601-w","article-title":"Manipulating niche composition limits damage to haematopoietic stem cells during Plasmodium infection","volume":"22","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028669"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006422"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.01.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27460-9","article-title":"Free fatty-acid transport via CD36 drives beta-oxidation-mediated hematopoietic stem cell response to infection","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.06.013"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isringhausen S , Mun Y , Kovtonyuk L , Krautler NJ , Suessbier U , Gomariz A , et al. Chronic viral infections persistently alter marrow stroma and impair hematopoietic stem cell fitness. J Exp Med. 2021;218(12).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20192070"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.05.063"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-432906"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008579","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008579","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis-induced mastocytosis and erythropoiesis are simultaneously supported by a bipotent mast cell\/erythrocyte precursor cell","volume":"16","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-10-534859"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009198","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of the myeloid lineage by Schistosoma mansoni infection persists independently of antigen exposure","volume":"17","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1010327","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010327","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infection induces plasmablast and plasma cell death in the bone marrow and accelerates the decline of host vaccine responses","volume":"18","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.06.004"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.55"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.06.006"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0248"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1804281"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0135370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135370","article-title":"Splenectomy Improves Hemostatic and Liver Functions in Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis Mansoni","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009191","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009191","article-title":"Diagnosis and clinical management of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: A scoping review of the literature","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.03.008"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.4.509"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(97)82666-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.3.816-821.1990","article-title":"Extramedullar proliferation of eosinophil granulocytes in chronic schistosomiasis mansoni is mediated by a factor secreted by inflammatory macrophages","volume":"58","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931050"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(85)90083-9","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: extramedullar eosinophil myelopoiesis induced by intraperitoneal glass implants in chronically infected mice","volume":"59","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.47","first-page":"480","article-title":"Hepatic eosinophil granulocytopoiesis in murine experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"62","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955034","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955034","article-title":"The hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis during experimental murine Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3734"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004282"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004080"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.62.3.389","article-title":"Liver granulomas in schistosomiasis: mast cell-dependent induction of SCF expression in hepatic stellate cells is mediated by TNF-alpha","volume":"62","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03614-z"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee Y , Leslie J , Yang Y , Ding L. Hepatic stellate and endothelial cells maintain hematopoietic stem cells in the developing liver. J Exp Med. 2021;218(3).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200882"},{"key":"2023021310350511000_2023.02.10.528073v1.55","first-page":"19 1 1","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","volume":"103","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.02.10.528073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:15:25Z","timestamp":1768450525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.02.10.528073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"references-count":55,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.02.10.528073","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300195","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}