{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T19:34:39Z","timestamp":1768505679012,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":88,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Aberrant skipping of coding exons in CD19 and CD22 compromises responses to immunotherapy for B-cell malignancies. Here, we show that the\n                  <jats:italic>MS4A1<\/jats:italic>\n                  gene encoding human CD20 also produces several mRNA isoforms with distinct 5\u2019 untranslated regions (5\u2019-UTR). Four variants (V1-4) were detectable by RNA-seq in distinct stages of normal B-cell differentiation and B-lymphoid malignancies, with V1 and V3 being the most abundant by far. During B-cell activation and Epstein-Barr virus infection, redirection of splicing from V1 to V3 coincided with increased CD20 positivity. Similarly, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma only V3, but not V1, correlated with CD20 protein levels, suggesting that V1 might be translation-deficient. Indeed, the longer V1 isoform was found to contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and a stem-loop structure, which cooperatively inhibited polysome recruitment. By modulating CD20 isoforms with splice-switching Morpholino oligomers, we enhanced CD20 expression and anti-CD20 antibody rituximab-mediated cytotoxicity in a panel of B-cell lines. Furthermore, reconstitution of CD20-knockout cells with V3 mRNA led to the recovery of CD20 positivity, while V1-reconstituted cells had undetectable levels of CD20 protein. Surprisingly,\n                  <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                  CD20-directed CAR T cells were able to kill both V3- and V1-expressing cells, but the bispecific T cell engager mosunetuzumab was only effective against V3-expressing cells. To determine whether CD20 splicing is involved in immunotherapy resistance, we performed RNA-seq on four post-mosunetuzumab follicular lymphoma relapses and discovered that in two of them downregulation of CD20 was accompanied by the V3-to-V1 shift. Thus, splicing-mediated mechanisms of epitope loss extend to CD20-directed immunotherapies.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"order\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>In normal &amp; malignant human B cells, CD20 mRNA is alternatively spliced into four 5\u2019-UTR isoforms, some of which are translation-deficient.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>The balance between translation-deficient and -competent isoforms modulates CD20 protein levels &amp; responses to CD20-directed immunotherapies<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Explanation of Novelty<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We discovered that in normal and malignant B-cells, CD20 mRNA is alternatively spliced to generate four distinct 5\u2019-UTRs, including the longer translation-deficient V1 variant. Cells predominantly expressing V1 were still sensitive to CD20-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cells. However, they were resistant to the bispecific anti-CD3\/CD20 antibody mosunetuzumab, and the shift to V1 were observed in CD20-negative post-mosunetuzumab relapses of follicular lymphoma.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.19.529123","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T23:10:11Z","timestamp":1676848211000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alternative splicing of its 5\u2019-UTR limits CD20 mRNA translation and enables resistance to CD20-directed immunotherapies"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6583-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6505-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Paruzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1463-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina E.","family":"Hayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5487-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Torres Diz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urvi","family":"Zankharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Soldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine D.","family":"Falkenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scarlett Y.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6088-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukta","family":"Asnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"King Sainos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinodh","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emeline","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn M.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Tasian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3005-5048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoseph","family":"Barash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3935-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4301-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ruella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2739-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Thomas-Tikhonenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.243543"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00163","article-title":"Past, Present, and Future of Rituximab-The World\u2019s First Oncology Monoclonal Antibody Therapy","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/onc.2002.30145"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2017.05.005","article-title":"On Essentiality and the World Health Organization\u2019s Model List of Essential Medicines","volume":"83","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1915315"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1605085","article-title":"Rituximab in B-Lineage Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"375","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"287","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.7","first-page":"287ra270","article-title":"Anti-CD20\/CD3 T cell-dependent bispecific antibody for the treatment of B cell malignancies","volume":"7","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00335-7","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of mosunetuzumab, a bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study","volume":"23","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01462-0","article-title":"Mosunetuzumab and lymphoma: latest updates from 2022 ASH annual meeting","volume":"16","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.06.151"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830400404"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.5.364"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190210178"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820130500496878"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.12.3383"},{"issue":"16_suppl","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7526","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.7526","article-title":"Characterization of CD20 expression loss as a mechanism of resistance to mosunetuzumab in patients with relapsed\/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas","volume":"40","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw257"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0150"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2003.00007.x"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-08-175208"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02307.x","article-title":"Comparison of CD20 expression in B-cell lymphoma between newly diagnosed, untreated cases and those after rituximab treatment","volume":"103","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2010.10.005"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24594"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-177469"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021342118"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-4197"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2010.06.031","article-title":"Quantification of CD20 mRNA and protein levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia suggests a post-transcriptional defect","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005158"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13239"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-020-0080-0","article-title":"The serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) initiates lymphoma development through epigenetic tumor suppressor silencing","volume":"1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.12.021"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017007062"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01543-y","article-title":"High expression level of ROR1 and ROR1-signaling associates with venetoclax resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"36","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-018-0252-7","article-title":"Global distribution of DNA hydroxymethylation and DNA methylation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"12","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky946"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007910","article-title":"FBXW7beta isoform drives transcriptional activation of the proinflammatory TNF cluster in human pro-B cells","volume":"7","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0087","article-title":"Modulation of CD22 Protein Expression in Childhood Leukemia by Pervasive Splicing Aberrations: Implications for CD22-Directed Immunotherapies","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.041","article-title":"RNA-Seq Signatures Normalized by mRNA Abundance Allow Absolute Deconvolution of Human Immune Cell Types","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-16-0305"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4775-x"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty896"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"qaa078","DOI":"10.1093\/nargab\/lqaa078","article-title":"ComBat-seq: batch effect adjustment for RNA-seq count data","volume":"2","year":"2020","journal-title":"NAR Genom Bioinform"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124958","article-title":"MXS-Chaining: A Highly Efficient Cloning Platform for Imaging and Flow Cytometry Approaches in Mammalian Systems","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/mps3030057","article-title":"Transfection of hPSC-Cardiomyocytes Using Viafect Transfection Reagent","volume":"3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Protoc"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3047"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6589","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6589","article-title":"Characterization of scFv-Ig constructs generated from the anti-CD20 mAb 1F5 using linker peptides of varying lengths","volume":"162","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082742"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0276"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000381","article-title":"Escape From ALL-CARTaz: Leukemia Immunoediting in the Age of Chimeric Antigen Receptors","volume":"25","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0200","article-title":"Splicing-Mediated Antigen Escape from Immunotherapy for B-cell Malignancies","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02411-1","article-title":"Direct long-read RNA sequencing identifies a subset of questionable exitrons likely arising from reverse transcription artifacts","volume":"22","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45851"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-473090"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.047977"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1901314116"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0580-z","article-title":"Retention of CD19 intron 2 contributes to CART-19 resistance in leukemias with subclonal frameshift mutations in CD19","volume":"34","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008077","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008077","article-title":"Novel AU-rich proximal UTR sequences (APS) enhance CXCL8 synthesis upon the induction of rpS6 phosphorylation","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7188-6-26"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.23.8635-8642.2000"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.9.11.5134"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp124"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf673"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.04.172"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/000113005"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1020"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11752","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11752","article-title":"A new view of transcriptome complexity and regulation through the lens of local splicing variations","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-129600","article-title":"Comparative Assessment of Surface CD19 and CD20 Expression on B-Cell Lymphomas from Clinical Biopsies: Implications for Targeted Therapies","volume":"134","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/9MYMD68FU8YE843D"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500904"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-016709"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.278644","article-title":"IL4-STAT6 signaling induces CD20 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and this axis is repressed by PI3Kdelta inhibitor idelalisib","volume":"106","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1423183","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1423183","article-title":"FOXO1 promotes resistance of non-Hodgkin lymphomas to anti-CD20-based therapy","volume":"7","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"21","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4406","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.4406.4406","article-title":"HDAC6 Inhibition Increases CD20 Level and Improves The Efficacy Of Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies","volume":"122","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7859"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0442"},{"issue":"13","key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001696","article-title":"Genetic and evolutionary patterns of treatment resistance in relapsed B-cell lymphoma","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2008.001024"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-06-229112"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-016-0036-3","article-title":"New CD20 alternative splice variants: molecular identification and differential expression within hematological B cell malignancies","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4165"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.01.010"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0075-7"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradley RK , Anczukow O. RNA splicing dysregulation and the hallmarks of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2023.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00541-7"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx632"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3589"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floor SN , Doudna JA . Tunable protein synthesis by transcript isoforms in human cells. Elife. 2016;5.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10921"},{"key":"2023081908000887000_2023.02.19.529123v3.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21812-1"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.02.19.529123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:17:22Z","timestamp":1768450642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.02.19.529123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"references-count":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.02.19.529123","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1182\/blood.2023020400","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}