{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T08:51:53Z","timestamp":1768553513256,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":89,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Interferons are essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens. Interferon lambda (IFN-\u03bb) protects mucosal barriers during pathogen exposure. The intestinal epithelium is the first contact site for\n                  <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  (\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  ) with its hosts and the first defense line that limits parasite infection. Knowledge of very early\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection events in the gut tissue is limited and a possible contribution of IFN-\u03bb has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate with systemic interferon lambda receptor (IFNLR1) and conditional (Villin-Cre) knockout mouse models and bone marrow chimeras of oral\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection and mouse intestinal organoids a significant impact of IFN-\u03bb signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and neutrophils to\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  control in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results expand the repertoire of interferons that contribute to the control of\n                  <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                  and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this world-wide zoonotic pathogen.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.24.529861","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T23:55:11Z","timestamp":1677282911000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["IFN-\u03bb is protective against lethal oral\n                  <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                  infection"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Mateo","family":"Murillo-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aura M.","family":"Bastidas-Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas S.","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schnepf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Delgado-Betancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Ohnemus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schwemmle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7057-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Staeheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Steinfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.025"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0345-x"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90154-6"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(97)00009-9"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R117.777102"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni873"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni875"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2521"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000151"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00272-10"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000017"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33354"},{"key":"2023022806150526000_2023.02.24.529861v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0182-z","article-title":"Interferon-\u03bb 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