{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T12:21:20Z","timestamp":1784895680414,"version":"3.55.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"group-title":"Public and Global Health","reference-count":47,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Exposure to urban air pollution is linked to increased mortality from cardiopulmonary causes. Urban areas juxtapose large numbers of residences and workplaces with near-road environments, exacerbating traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure. TRAP is the primary source of variability in intraurban air quality, but continuous regulatory monitoring stations lack the spatial resolution to detect fine-scale pollutant patterns that recent studies using long-term, resource-intensive mobile measurements have established as persistent and associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. This work evaluates a low-cost, fixed-site approach to characterizinglong-term, hyperlocal exposure to oxides of nitrogen (including NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  , a common surrogate for TRAP) as part of Green Heart Louisville, a prospective cohort study examining linkages between urban vegetation, local air quality, and cardiovascular health.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\n                  We used a fixed 60-site network of Ogawa passive samplers in a 12 km\n                  <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                  section of Louisville, KY, to measure two-week integrated NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  , NO\n                  <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                  (NO + NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  ), and O\n                  <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                  mixing ratios nominally every two months between May 2018-March 2021. Seasonal NO\n                  <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                  averages were 2.5-fold higher during winter than in summer, and annual average NO (calculated by difference in NO\n                  <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                  and NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  ) and NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  ranged from 4-21 ppb and 5-12 ppb, respectively. NO increased 3-to-5-fold within 150 m of highways or major arterial roads and 2-to-3-fold near parking lots. While both NO and NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  were elevated in near-road environments, the corresponding O\n                  <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                  was depressed, consistent with titration by NO.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>\n                  We developed land-use regression models for annual average NO, NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  , and NO\n                  <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                  using parameters of proximity (distance to nearest road type, restaurant, traffic signal), cumulative occurrence (length of roads, number of restaurants and traffic lights, all in buffers of up to 500 m in 50-m increments), and greenness (normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)). Adjusted spatial variability explained by the models were 70% (p&lt;0.05), 67% (p&lt;0.05), and 75% (p&lt;0.01) for NO, NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  , and NO\n                  <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                  , respectively. Common predictors were distances to the nearest restaurant and road as well as total length of roads within 350 m. Only one greenness metric was significant: mean NDVI within 50 m was negatively associated (p=0.02) with NO\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                  . We plan to use these hyperlocal models to estimate residential-level exposures of the clinical study participants.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.03.23286765","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T19:25:34Z","timestamp":1678389934000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Green Heart Louisville: intra-urban, hyperlocal land-use regression modeling of nitrogen oxides and ozone"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Prathibha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Yeager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruni","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023031111401375000_2023.03.03.23286765v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arden Pope C , Dockery DW. 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