{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T18:47:54Z","timestamp":1768502874939,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"group-title":"Neuroscience","reference-count":50,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neurostimulation is an emerging treatment for patients with medically refractory epilepsy, which is used to suppress, prevent, and terminate seizure activity. Unfortunately, after implantation and despite best clinical practice, most patients continue to have persistent seizures even after years of empirical optimization. The objective of this study is to determine optimal spatial and amplitude properties of neurostimulation in inhibiting epileptiform activity in an acute hippocampal seizure model.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed high-throughput testing of high-frequency focal brain stimulation in the acute intrahippocampal kainic acid mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We evaluated combinations of six anatomic targets and three stimulus amplitudes.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that the spike-suppressive effects of high-frequency neurostimulation are highly dependent on the stimulation amplitude and location, with higher amplitude stimulation being significantly more effective. Epileptiform spiking activity was significantly reduced with ipsilateral 250 \u03bcA stimulation of the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions with 21.5% and 22.2% reductions, respectively. In contrast, we found that spiking frequency and amplitude significantly increased with stimulation of the ventral hippocampal commissure. We further found spatial differences with broader effects from CA1 versus CA3 stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that the effects of therapeutic neurostimulation in an acute hippocampal seizure model are highly dependent on the location of stimulation and stimulus amplitude. We provide a platform to optimize the anti-seizure effects of neurostimulation, and demonstrate that an exploration of the large electrical parameter and location space can improve current modalities for treating epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Points<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Evaluated spatial and temporal parameters of neurostimulation in a mouse model of acute seizures<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Brief bursts of high-frequency (100 Hz) stimulation effectively interrupted epileptiform activity.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>The suppressive effect was highly dependent on stimulation amplitude and was maximal at the ipsilateral CA1 and CA3 regions.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Pro-excitatory effects were identified with high-amplitude high-frequency stimulation at the ventral hippocampal commissure and contralateral CA1.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.07.531440","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T11:45:28Z","timestamp":1678362328000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial and Amplitude Dynamics of Neurostimulation: Insights from the Acute Intrahippocampal Kainate Seizure Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Foutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5226-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Rensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8355-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique M.","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6631a1"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949","article-title":"Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy Treated With Established and New Antiepileptic Drugs: A 30-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study","volume":"75","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.12.074"},{"key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.10.007"},{"key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10323"},{"key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.8.1731"},{"key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02536.x"},{"key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001334"},{"issue":"13","key":"2023031102301245000_2023.03.07.531440v1.9","first-page":"1295","article-title":"RNS System in Epilepsy Study Group","volume":"77","year":"2011","journal-title":"Responsive cortical stimulation for the treatment of medically intractable partial epilepsy. 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