{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:16:00Z","timestamp":1768562160409,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]]},"group-title":"Epidemiology","reference-count":49,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tracking the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance has become critical to sustaining progress towards the control and eventual elimination of malaria in South Asia, especially India.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    An amplicon sequencing protocol was used for high-throughput molecular surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in a total of 158 isolates at three sites in India: Chennai, Nadiad and Rourkela. Five genes of the\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    implicated in antimalarial resistance were investigated here;\n                    <jats:italic>Pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                    for chloroquine resistance,\n                    <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n                    for pyrimethamine resistance,\n                    <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n                    for sulfadoxine resistance,\n                    <jats:italic>Pfk13<\/jats:italic>\n                    for artemisinin resistance and\n                    <jats:italic>Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    for resistance to multiple antimalarials.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mutations in the propeller domain of PfK13 were observed in two samples only, however these mutations are not validated for artemisinin resistance. A high proportion of parasites from the\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominant site Rourkela showed wild-type\n                    <jats:italic>Pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotypes, while mutant\n                    <jats:italic>Pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotypes were fixed at the\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominant sites Chennai and Nadiad. The wild-type PfDHPS haplotype was predominant across all study sites. Finally, we observed the largest proportion of suspected multi-clonal infections at Rourkela, which has the highest transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    among our study sites.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This is the first simultaneous high-throughput next generation sequencing of five complete\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes from infected patients in India.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.04.08.23288321","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T22:30:12Z","timestamp":1681079412000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimalarial Drug Resistance Profiling of\n                  <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                  Infections in India Using Next-Generation Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Sonal","family":"Kale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swapna M.","family":"Uplekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabamita","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavitra N.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Z.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikunj","family":"Tandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranvir","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Dank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangamithra","family":"Ravishankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G Sri","family":"Lakshmi Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aswin","family":"Asokan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Om. 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