{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T19:48:51Z","timestamp":1768506531155,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":37,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Antibiotic prophylaxis sets the stage for an intestinal bloom of\n                  <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  , which can progress to invasive candidiasis in patients with hematologic malignancies. Commensal bacteria can reestablish microbiota-mediated colonization resistance after completion of antibiotic therapy, but they cannot engraft during antibiotic prophylaxis. Here we use a mouse model to provide a proof of concept for an alternative approach, which replaces commensal bacteria functionally with drugs to restore colonization resistance against\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Streptomycin treatment, which depletes Clostridia from the gut microbiota, disrupted colonization resistance against\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  and increased epithelial oxygenation in the large intestine. Inoculating mice with a defined community of commensal Clostridia species reestablished colonization resistance and restored epithelial hypoxia. Notably, these functions of commensal Clostridia species could be replaced functionally with the drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which activates mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the epithelium of the large intestine. When streptomycin-treated mice received 5-ASA, the drug reestablished colonization resistance against\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  and restored physiological hypoxia in the epithelium of the large intestine. We conclude that 5-ASA treatment is a non-biotic intervention that restores colonization resistance against\n                  <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                  without requiring the administration of live bacteria.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.04.17.537218","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T23:40:17Z","timestamp":1681774817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["5-ASA can functionally replace Clostridia to prevent a post-antibiotic bloom of\n                  <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                  by maintaining epithelial hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1057-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah P.","family":"Savage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek J.","family":"Bays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariela A. F.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli. J.","family":"Bejarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo L. P.","family":"Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thaynara P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renato L.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"B\u00e4umler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023042204500733000_2023.04.17.537218v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009710"},{"key":"2023042204500733000_2023.04.17.537218v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880746","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.880746","article-title":"Probiotics for Oral Candidiasis: Critical Appraisal of the Evidence and a Path Forward","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"key":"2023042204500733000_2023.04.17.537218v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12331"},{"key":"2023042204500733000_2023.04.17.537218v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9949"},{"key":"2023042204500733000_2023.04.17.537218v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cevallos, S. 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