{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:13:00Z","timestamp":1791497580313,"version":"4.3.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":104,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  is the leading Gram-positive bacterial species implicated in urinary tract infection (UTI). An opportunistic pathogen,\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its presence in the GIT is a predisposing factor for UTI. The mechanisms by which\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  colonizes and survives in the urinary tract (UT) are poorly understood, especially in uncomplicated or recurrent UTI. The UT is distinct from the GIT and is characterized by a sparse nutrient landscape and unique environmental stressors. In this study, we isolated and sequenced a collection of 37 clinical\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  strains from the urine of primarily postmenopausal women. We generated 33 closed genome assemblies and four highly contiguous draft assemblies and conducted a comparative genomics to identify genetic features enriched in urinary\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  with respect to\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  isolated from the human GIT and blood. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high diversity among urinary strains and a closer relatedness between urine and gut isolates than blood isolates. Plasmid replicon (rep) typing further underscored possible UT-GIT interconnection identifying nine shared rep types between urine and gut\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  . Both genotypic and phenotypic analysis of antimicrobial resistance among urinary\n                  <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                  revealed infrequent resistance to front-line UTI antibiotics nitrofurantoin and fluoroquinolones and no vancomycin resistance. Finally, we identified 19 candidate genes enriched among urinary strains that may play a role in adaptation to the UT. These genes are involved in the core processes of sugar transport, cobalamin import, glucose metabolism, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a global health issue that imposes substantial burden on healthcare systems. Women are disproportionately affected by UTI with &gt;60% of women experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime. UTIs can recur, particularly in postmenopausal women, leading to diminished quality of life and potentially life-threatening complications. Understanding how pathogens colonize and survive in the urinary tract is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets that are urgently needed due to rising rates of antimicrobial resistance. How\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a bacterium commonly associated with UTI, adapts to the urinary tract remains understudied. Here, we generated a collection of high-quality closed genome assemblies of clinical urinary\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from the urine of postmenopausal women that we used alongside detailed clinical metadata to perform a robust comparative genomic investigation of genetic factors that may mediate urinary\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    adaptation to the female urinary tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.18.541374","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T23:50:13Z","timestamp":1684453813000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional and genetic adaptations contributing to\n                  <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n                  persistence in the female urinary tract"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Belle M.","family":"Sharon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda P.","family":"Arute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2768-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri Snehita Reddy","family":"Bonthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9784-5533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha V.","family":"Hulyalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L.","family":"Neugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennise Palacios","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2351-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe E.","family":"Zimmern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7343-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelli L.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7670-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole J.","family":"De Nisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4366-4372.2001"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0402.980211"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.6.1834-1838.1989","article-title":"Role of adherence in pathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis urinary tract infection and endocarditis","volume":"57","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963635"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501795"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiore E , Van Tyne D , Gilmore MS. 2019. Pathogenicity of Enterococci. Microbiol Spectr 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0053-2018"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Solache M , Rice LB . 2019. The Enterococcus: a Model of Adaptability to Its Environment. Clin Microbiol Rev 32.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-18"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.01.100"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00711-10"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-017-0036-z","article-title":"Host and bacterial proteases influence biofilm formation and virulence in a murine model of enterococcal catheter-associated urinary tract infection","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-020-00380-7","article-title":"Genetic relatedness of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates in stool and urine samples of patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115839"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13467-w","article-title":"Gut uropathogen abundance is a risk factor for development of bacteriuria and urinary tract infection","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01113-z","article-title":"Gut-bladder axis in recurrent UTI","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0324-0","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urols.2013.11.007"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)59447-1","article-title":"The role of vaginal colonization with enterobacteriaceae in recurrent urinary infections","volume":"113","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01107-x","article-title":"Longitudinal multi-omics analyses link gut microbiome dysbiosis with recurrent urinary tract infections in women","volume":"7","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21749-5"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reitzer L , Zimmern P . 2019. Rapid Growth and Metabolism of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Relation to Urine Composition. Clin Microbiol Rev 33.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00101-19"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6373-6381.2004"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.23","first-page":"14","article-title":"The Basics of Bacteriuria: Strategies of Microbes for Persistence in Urine","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Tyne D , Manson AL , Huycke MM , Karanicolas J , Earl AM , Gilmore MS. 2019. Impact of antibiotic treatment and host innate immune pressure on enterococcal adaptation in the human bloodstream. Sci Transl Med 11.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat8418"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thanert R , Reske KA , Hink T , Wallace MA , Wang B , Schwartz DJ , Seiler S , Cass C , Burnham CA , Dubberke ER , Kwon JH , Dantas G . 2019. Comparative Genomics of Antibiotic-Resistant Uropathogens Implicates Three Routes for Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infections. mBio 10.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01977-19"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4344-4352.2002"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007660"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012489"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2403-0"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1713372114"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kline KA , Lewis AL . 2016. Gram-Positive Uropathogens, Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infection, and the Emerging Microbiota of the Urinary Tract. Microbiol Spectr 4.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0012-2012"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100753","article-title":"Recurrent urinary tract infection and estrogen shape the taxonomic ecology and function of the postmenopausal urogenital microbiome","volume":"3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.08.483478"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.34","first-page":"000214","article-title":"Characterization of presumptive vancomycin-resistant enterococci recovered during infection control surveillance in Dallas, Texas","volume":"3","year":"2021","journal-title":"USA. Access Microbiol"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.07.008","article-title":"Gut-bladder axis enters the stage: Implication for recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"30","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00497-1","article-title":"Beyond horizontal gene transfer: the role of plasmids in bacterial evolution","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/plas.2001.1533"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/plas.1996.1270"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.15.6.828"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00754-08"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00183-11"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3574-3579.2001"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.12.3733-3738.2003"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1845-1850.2002"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki171"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.1.141"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.433"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003539"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01599-06"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilmore MS , Salamzade R , Selleck E , Bryan N , Mello SS , Manson AL , Earl AM . 2020. Genes Contributing to the Unique Biology and Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis. mBio 11.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02962-20"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05822.x"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.2951656.x"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.687"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.3.331"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01228-07"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/62872"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04612.x"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharon BM , Nguyen A , Arute AP , Hulyalkar NV , Nguyen VH , Zimmern PE , De Nisco NJ. 2020. Complete Genome Sequences of Seven Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Postmenopausal Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. Microbiol Resour Announc 9.","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00700-20"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw569"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06094-11"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9877-7_20"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw387"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz991"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1990.9999"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D273","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1111","article-title":"PLSDB: advancing a comprehensive database of bacterial plasmids","volume":"50","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1050"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr039"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02090-4"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182238"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/NAR\/GKAB301"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1108-8"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq249"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-5-113"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/JAC\/DKAA345"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx217"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1004"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.87","unstructured":"Seemann T . Abricate. Accessed"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.88","unstructured":"Wayne PCaLSI. 2020. CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing., 30th ed."},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.90","unstructured":"Hudzicki J . 2009. Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. American Society for Microbiology."},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.10.21.513098"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.92","first-page":"2920","article-title":"D-mannose: a promising support for acute urinary tract infections in women. A pilot study","volume":"20","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagenlehner F , Lorenz H , Ewald O , Gerke P . 2022. Why d-Mannose May Be as Efficient as Antibiotics in the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infections-Preliminary Considerations and Conclusions from a Non-Interventional Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202202.0114.v1"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00290-13"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1533-z"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215283110"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0513103"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00217-11"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dadswell K , Creagh S , McCullagh E , Liang M , Brown IR , Warren MJ , McNally A , MacSharry J , Prentice MB . 2019. Bacterial Microcompartment-Mediated Ethanolamine Metabolism in Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection. Infect Immun 87.","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00211-19"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sintsova A , Smith S , Subashchandrabose S , Mobley HL . 2018. Role of Ethanolamine Utilization Genes in Host Colonization during Urinary Tract Infection. Infect Immun 86.","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00542-17"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.03.018"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.22.6351-6356.2002"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01151"},{"key":"2023052211250840000_2023.05.18.541374v1.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01673-12"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.05.18.541374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:40:38Z","timestamp":1768452038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.05.18.541374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"references-count":104,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.05.18.541374","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}