{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T15:21:22Z","timestamp":1775920882813,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":64,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Mosquito salivary proteins play a crucial role in regulating hemostatic responses at the bite site during blood feeding. In this study, we investigate the function of\n                  <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                  salivary apyrase (AgApyrase) in\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  transmission. Our results demonstrate that salivary apyrase interacts with and activates tissue plasminogen activator, facilitating the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, a human protein previously shown to be required for\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  transmission. Microscopy imaging shows that mosquitoes ingest a substantial amount of apyrase during blood feeding which reduces coagulation in the blood meal by enhancing fibrin degradation and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Supplementation of\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  infected blood with apyrase significantly enhanced\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection in the mosquito midgut. In contrast, AgApyrase immunization inhibited\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  mosquito infection and sporozoite transmission. This study highlights a pivotal role for mosquito salivary apyrase for regulation of hemostasis in the mosquito blood meal and for\n                  <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                  transmission to mosquitoes and to the mammal host, underscoring the potential for new strategies to prevent malaria transmission.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.22.541827","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T02:55:16Z","timestamp":1684810516000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Anopheles<\/i>\n                  salivary apyrase regulates blood meal hemostasis and drives malaria parasite transmission"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zarna Rajeshkumar","family":"Pala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8520-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Luiz","family":"Alves e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Minai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Crews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Patino-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Carmona-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola Carolina","family":"Valenzuela-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0956-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Martin-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-3834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yevel","family":"Flores-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul E.","family":"Cachau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naman","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian N.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derron A.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana J","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7880-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Vega-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023052421301563000_2023.05.22.541827v1.1","unstructured":"WHO, World malaria report 2022. 2022."},{"key":"2023052421301563000_2023.05.22.541827v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276130597"},{"key":"2023052421301563000_2023.05.22.541827v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, E.S.T.L. , et al., The fibrinolytic system enables the onset of Plasmodium infection in the mosquito vector and the mammalian host. 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