{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T02:43:03Z","timestamp":1776048183860,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":40,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created one of the largest global health crises in almost a century. Although the current rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections has decreased significantly; the long-term outlook of COVID-19 remains a serious cause of high death worldwide; with the mortality rate still surpassing even the worst mortality rates recorded for the influenza viruses. The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including multiple heavily mutated Omicron sub-variants, have prolonged the COVID-19 pandemic and outlines the urgent need for a next-generation vaccine that will protect from multiple SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the present study, we designed a multi-epitope-based Coronavirus vaccine that incorporated B, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell epitopes conserved among all known SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and selectively recognized by CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cells from asymptomatic COVID-19 patients irrespective of VOC infection. The safety, immunogenicity, and cross-protective immunity of this pan-Coronavirus vaccine were studied against six VOCs using an innovative triple transgenic h-ACE-2-HLA-A2\/DR mouse model.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Pan-Coronavirus vaccine: (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is safe; (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) induces high frequencies of lung-resident functional CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>EM<\/jats:sub>\n                    and T\n                    <jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells; and (\n                    <jats:italic>iii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) provides robust protection against virus replication and COVID-19-related lung pathology and death caused by six SARS-CoV-2 VOCs: Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma or P1 (B.1.1.28.1), Delta (lineage B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529).\n                    <jats:underline>Conclusions<\/jats:underline>\n                    : A multi-epitope pan-Coronavirus vaccine bearing conserved human B and T cell epitopes from structural and non-structural SARS-CoV-2 antigens induced cross-protective immunity that cleared the virus, and reduced COVID-19-related lung pathology and death caused by multiple SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.24.541850","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:55:18Z","timestamp":1684976118000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cross-Protection Induced by Highly Conserved Human B, CD4\n                  <sup>+,<\/sup>\n                  and CD8\n                  <sup>+<\/sup>\n                  T Cell Epitopes-Based Coronavirus Vaccine Against Severe Infection, Disease, and Death Caused by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Swayam","family":"Prakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha R.","family":"Dhanushkodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Latifa","family":"Zayou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela Coimbra","family":"Ibraim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afshana","family":"Quadiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre 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