{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T20:08:55Z","timestamp":1771618135893,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"group-title":"Genetics","reference-count":69,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Somatic cells of human males and females have 45 chromosomes in common, including the \u201cactive\u201d X chromosome. In males the 46\n                  <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                  chromosome is a Y; in females it is an \u201cinactive\u201d X (Xi). Through linear modeling of autosomal gene expression in cells from individuals with zero to three Xi and zero to four Y chromosomes, we found that Xi and Y impact autosomal expression broadly and with remarkably similar effects. Studying sex-chromosome structural anomalies, promoters of Xi- and Y-responsive genes, and CRISPR inhibition, we traced part of this shared effect to homologous transcription factors \u2013\n                  <jats:italic>ZFX<\/jats:italic>\n                  and\n                  <jats:italic>ZFY<\/jats:italic>\n                  \u2013 encoded by Chr X and Y. This demonstrates sex-shared mechanisms by which Xi and Y modulate autosomal expression. Combined with earlier analyses of sex-linked gene expression, our studies show that 21% of all genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cells or fibroblasts change expression significantly in response to Xi or Y chromosomes.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.05.543763","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T18:25:10Z","timestamp":1686162310000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The human Y and inactive X chromosomes similarly modulate autosomal gene expression"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4511-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianna K.","family":"San Roman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-3673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Skaletsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5681-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4894-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha V.","family":"Bokil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levi","family":"Teitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isani","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8975-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura V.","family":"Blanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3265-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Bellott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Pyntikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Koutseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidaly","family":"Phou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4563-2509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Buscetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Kruszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgenia","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0258-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia C.","family":"Lasutschinkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Keen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0304-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanlee M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela E.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9941-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Samango-Sprouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Muenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9920-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-88178-7"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5441.964"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/190372a0"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/349038a0"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.5","first-page":"147","article-title":"The problem of complete Y-linkage in man","volume":"9","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01722"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03479"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24265"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5338.675"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13206"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-017-1799-2"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa0355"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw7317"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3066"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2023.100259"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.026"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.27159"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-11-r122"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806811115"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.275677.121"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-015-0053-7"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010383107"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1754"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12531"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0794-414"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds088"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.228809.117"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.30","first-page":"681","article-title":"Mouse Zfx protein is similar to Zfy-2: each contains an acidic activating domain and 13 zinc fingers","volume":"10","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17101737"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802889115"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1910003117"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90061-5"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.5.1681"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa384"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15403"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0352-z"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107795"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34220"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31799"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01169-4"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218478120"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-112414-055311"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.268516.120"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.261248.120"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.080531.108"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3519"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7563.2"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2008-9-9-r137"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr260"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.07.007"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn425"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2702"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.07.042"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2013.04.018"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv468"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.11.1985"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.05.004"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq033"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.001"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag2445"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2192803"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19760"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2674"},{"key":"2023061120550790000_2023.06.05.543763v1.69","unstructured":"R Development Core Team (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing)."}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.06.05.543763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:45:25Z","timestamp":1768452325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.06.05.543763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"references-count":69,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.06.05.543763","relation":{"is-preprint-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2023.100462","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}