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Collectively these loci explained 11% of the trait variance in an independent sample, with women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibiting a \u223c11 and \u223c14-fold higher risk of delayed and precocious pubertal development, respectively. These common variant analyses were supported by exome sequence analysis of \u223c220,000 women, identifying several genes, including rare loss of function variants in\n                  <jats:italic>ZNF483<\/jats:italic>\n                  which abolished the impact of polygenic risk. Next, we implicated 660 genes in pubertal development using a combination of\n                  <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                  variant-to-gene mapping approaches and integration with dynamic gene expression data from mouse embryonic GnRH neurons. This included an uncharacterized G-protein coupled receptor\n                  <jats:italic>GPR83<\/jats:italic>\n                  , which we demonstrate amplifies signaling of\n                  <jats:italic>MC3R<\/jats:italic>\n                  , a key sensor of nutritional status. Finally, we identified several genes, including ovary-expressed genes involved in DNA damage response that co-localize with signals associated with menopause timing, leading us to hypothesize that the ovarian reserve might signal centrally to trigger puberty. 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