{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T19:48:55Z","timestamp":1768506535007,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":77,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Despite an increasingly detailed picture of the molecular mechanisms of phage-bacterial interactions, we lack an understanding of how these interactions evolve and impact disease within patients. Here we report a year-long, nation-wide study of diarrheal disease patients in Bangladesh. Among cholera patients, we quantified\n                  <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  (prey) and its virulent phages (predators) using metagenomics and quantitative PCR, while accounting for antibiotic exposure using quantitative mass spectrometry. Virulent phage (ICP1) and antibiotics suppressed\n                  <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                  to varying degrees and were inversely associated with severe dehydration depending on resistance mechanisms. In the absence of anti-phage defenses, predation was \u2018effective,\u2019 with a high predator:prey ratio that correlated with increased genetic diversity among the prey. In the presence of anti-phage defenses, predation was \u2018ineffective,\u2019 with a lower predator:prey ratio that correlated with increased genetic diversity among the predators. Phage-bacteria coevolution within patients should therefore be considered in the deployment of phage-based therapies and diagnostics.\n                <\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>One Sentence Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A survey of cholera patients in Bangladesh identifies phage predation as a biomarker of disease severity and driver of coevolution within patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.14.544933","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:10:12Z","timestamp":1686787812000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phage predation, disease severity and pathogen genetic diversity in cholera patients"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Na\u00efma","family":"Madi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilee T.","family":"Cato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Abu","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8820-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashton","family":"Creasy-Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8522-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"Cu\u00e9nod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Imam UL.","family":"Khabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. 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