{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:25:15Z","timestamp":1774563915316,"version":"3.50.1"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"group-title":"Microbiology","reference-count":45,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>HIV-1 reservoir cells that circulate in peripheral blood during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been well characterized, but little is known about the dissemination of HIV-1-infected cells across multiple anatomical tissues, especially the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we performed single-genome, near full-length HIV-1 next-generation sequencing to evaluate the proviral landscape in distinct anatomical compartments, including multiple CNS tissues, from 3 ART-treated participants at autopsy. While lymph nodes and, to a lesser extent, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tissues represented tissue hotspots for the persistence of intact proviruses, we also observed intact proviruses in CNS tissue sections, particularly in the basal ganglia. Multi-compartment dissemination of clonal intact and defective proviral sequences occurred across multiple anatomical tissues, including the CNS, and evidence for the clonal proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells was found in the basal ganglia, in the frontal lobe, in the thalamus and in periventricular white matter. Deep analysis of HIV-1 reservoirs in distinct tissues will be informative for advancing HIV-1 cure strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.26.546135","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T20:35:10Z","timestamp":1687811710000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistence of intact HIV-1 proviruses in the brain during antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yelizaveta","family":"Rassadkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah Isabel","family":"Collens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac H.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5677-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shibani","family":"Mukerji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu G.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Lichterfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023081713401377000_2023.06.26.546135v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387183a0"},{"key":"2023081713401377000_2023.06.26.546135v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1291"},{"key":"2023081713401377000_2023.06.26.546135v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.005"},{"key":"2023081713401377000_2023.06.26.546135v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Einkauf K , Lee G , Gao C , Sharaf R , Sun X , Hua S , et al. Intact HIV-1 proviruses accumulate at distinct chromosomal positions during prolonged antiretroviral therapy. 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HIV latency in isolated patient CD4(+) T cells may be due to blocks in HIV transcriptional elongation, completion, and splicing. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10(430).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aap9927"},{"key":"2023081713401377000_2023.06.26.546135v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Einkauf KB , Osborn MR , Gao C , Sun W , Sun X , Lian X , et al. Parallel analysis of transcription, integration, and sequence of single HIV-1 proviruses. 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