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Herein, we report that clinical isolates of non-typhoidal\n                  <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                  serovars,\n                  <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  , and\n                  <jats:italic>Citrobacter koseri<\/jats:italic>\n                  are rapidly attracted toward sources of human serum. To simulate GI bleeding, we utilized a custom injection-based microfluidics device and found that femtoliter volumes of human serum are sufficient to induce the bacterial population to swim toward and aggregate at the serum source. This response is orchestrated through chemotaxis, and a major chemical cue driving chemoattraction is L-serine, an amino acid abundant in serum that is recognized through direct binding by the chemoreceptor Tsr. We report the first crystal structures of\n                  <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                  Typhimurium Tsr in complex with L-serine and identify a conserved amino acid recognition motif for L-serine shared among Tsr orthologues. By mapping the phylogenetic distribution of this chemoreceptor we found Tsr to be widely conserved among Enterobacteriaceae and numerous World Health Organization priority pathogens associated with bloodstream infections. Lastly, we find that Enterobacteriaceae use human serum as a source of nutrients for growth and that chemotaxis and the chemoreceptor Tsr provides a competitive advantage for migration into enterohaemorrhagic lesions. We term this bacterial behavior of taxis toward serum, colonization of hemorrhagic lesions, and the consumption of serum nutrients, as \u201cbacterial vampirism\u201d which may relate to the proclivity of Enterobacteriaceae for bloodstream infections.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.07.07.548164","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,8]],"date-time":"2023-07-08T00:25:14Z","timestamp":1688775914000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bacterial vampirism mediated through taxis to serum"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6762-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siena J.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zealon","family":"Gentry-Lear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shavlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0241-4122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Asaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arden","family":"Baylink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024012703300846000_2023.07.07.548164v3.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2021.01.016"},{"key":"2024012703300846000_2023.07.07.548164v3.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00626-4","article-title":"Bacterial motility: machinery and mechanisms","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2024012703300846000_2023.07.07.548164v3.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.10.007"},{"key":"2024012703300846000_2023.07.07.548164v3.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006118"},{"key":"2024012703300846000_2023.07.07.548164v3.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.07.002"},{"key":"2024012703300846000_2023.07.07.548164v3.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000395"},{"key":"2024012703300846000_2023.07.07.548164v3.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakuszeit, T. , Lindsey-Jones, J. , Peaudecerf, F. 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