{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:05:06Z","timestamp":1791821106987,"version":"4.3.4"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"group-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","reference-count":125,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postpartum women can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in response to complicated, traumatic childbirth; prevalence of these events remains high in the U.S. Currently, there is no recommended treatment approach in routine peripartum care for preventing maternal childbirth-related PTSD (CB-PTSD) and lessening its severity. Here, we provide a systematic review of available clinical trials testing interventions for the prevention and indication of CB-PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review of PsycInfo, PsycArticles, PubMed (MEDLINE), ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, ProQuest, Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus through December 2022 to identify clinical trials involving CB-PTSD prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Eligibility Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trials were included if they were interventional, evaluated CB-PTSD preventive strategies or treatments, and reported outcomes assessing CB-PTSD symptoms. Duplicate studies, case reports, protocols, active clinical trials, and studies of CB-PTSD following stillbirth were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two independent coders evaluated trials using a modified Downs and Black methodological quality assessment checklist. Sample characteristics and related intervention information were extracted via an Excel-based form.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 33 studies, including 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 8 non-RCTs, were included. Trial quality ranged from Poor to Excellent. Trials tested psychological therapies most often delivered as secondary prevention against CB-PTSD onset (n=21); some examined primary (n=3) and tertiary (n=9) therapies. Positive treatment effects were found for early interventions employing conventional trauma-focused therapies, psychological counseling, and mother-infant dyadic focused strategies. Therapies\u2019 utility to aid women with severe acute traumatic stress symptoms or reduce incidence of CB-PTSD diagnosis is unclear, as is whether they are effective as tertiary intervention. Educational birth plan-focused interventions during pregnancy may improve maternal health outcomes, but studies remain scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An array of early psychological therapies delivered in response to traumatic childbirth, rather than universally, in the first postpartum days and weeks, may potentially buffer CB-PTSD development. Rather than one treatment being suitable for all, effective therapy should consider individual-specific factors. As additional RCTs generate critical information and guide recommendations for first-line preventive treatments for CB-PTSD, the psychiatric consequences associated with traumatic childbirth could be lessened.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Disclosure Statement<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The authors report no conflict of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Financial Support and Roles of Funding Sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dr. Sharon Dekel was supported by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD108619, R21HD100817, and R21HD109546) and an ISF award from the Massachusetts General Hospital Executive Committee on Research. Dr. Kathleen Jagodnik was supported by a Mortimer B. Zuckerman STEM Leadership Program Postdoctoral Fellowship. Ms. Joanna Papadakis was supported by a grant through the Menschel Cornell Commitment Public Service Internship at Cornell University. None of the funding organizations had a role in designing, conducting, or reporting this work.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Information for Systematic Review<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:label>\u223c (i)<\/jats:label>\n                      <jats:p>Date of PROSPERO Registration: 07-12-2021<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:label>\u223c (ii)<\/jats:label>\n                      <jats:p>Registration Number: CRD42020207086<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.17.23294230","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T13:45:16Z","timestamp":1692798316000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Systematic Review of Interventions for Prevention and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Childbirth"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4528-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Dekel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3058-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna E.","family":"Papadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8884-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Quagliarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2755-2097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Jagodnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasvitha","family":"Nandru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommerlad S , Schermelleh-Engel K , La Rosa VL , Louwen F , Oddo-Sommerfeld S . Trait anxiety and unplanned delivery mode enhance the risk for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in women with and without risk of preterm birth: a multi sample path analysis. PLoS One 2021;16:e0256681.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256681"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0138","article-title":"The effect of labor comfort on traumatic childbirth perception, post-traumatic stress disorder, and breastfeeding","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00560"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (2023) Reproductive Health: Severe Maternal Morbidity. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/smm\/rates-severe-morbidity-indicator.htm Accessed 14 August 2023."},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab077"},{"issue":"44","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.6","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of the pregnancy checkbox and misclassification on maternal mortality trends in the United States, 1999\u20132017","volume":"3","year":"2020","journal-title":"National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001556"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005258","article-title":"Role of maternal age in increasing severe maternal morbidity rates in the United States","volume":"142","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004641"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2222966","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22966","article-title":"Trends in severe maternal morbidity in the US across the transition to ICD-10-CM\/PCS from 2012-2019","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.05.051"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102157"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.10.009"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-019-00978-0","article-title":"Peritraumatic dissociation in childbirth-evoked posttraumatic stress and postpartum mental health","volume":"23","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Women\u2019s Ment Health"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-019-00968-2","article-title":"Delivery mode is associated with maternal mental health following childbirth","volume":"22","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Women\u2019s Mentl Health"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14280"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12888-021-03261-8"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-019-01006-x"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002706"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.18m02322"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000680","article-title":"Perinatal posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"74","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0560-x"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.02.029","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth: analysis of symptom presentation and sampling","volume":"119","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affective Disor"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.02.378","article-title":"Amygdala response to traumatic childbirth recall is associated with impaired bonding behaviors in mothers with childbirth-related PTSD symptoms: preliminary findings","volume":"87","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biolog Psychiat"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuijfzand S , Garthus-Niegel S , Horsch A . Parental birth-related PTSD symptoms and bonding in the early postpartum period: a prospective population-based cohort study. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:570727.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.570727"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0853-y"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.101"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2022.105667"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40404-2_2"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2015.1031646"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01728"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20042775","article-title":"Traumatic childbirth experience and childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a contemporary overview","volume":"20","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environment Res and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820600712172","article-title":"The longitudinal course of post-traumatic stress after childbirth","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0455-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27633","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.27633","article-title":"PTSD as a memory disorder","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0655-0"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285291600016X"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.00307.x"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2010.503330"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2012.03.004"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00591"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13291"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2019.1593961"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211060808"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258170"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.092"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07486-w"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150901"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001056"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007194.pub2"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2003.11.12.11866"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830600643916"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05355.x"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-019-00424-6"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00723.x"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.03.002"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0370"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820601142957"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1331"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0529"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105282"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05168-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2016.1169626","article-title":"Internet-provided cognitive behaviour therapy of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth\u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognitive Behav Therapy"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1699088"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2006.07.008"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.797901"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112933"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-019-00168-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.72","first-page":"143","article-title":"Childbirth and narratives: how do mothers deal with their child\u2019s birth?","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Prenat Perinat Psychol Heal"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.73","first-page":"49","article-title":"Symptoms of postpartum PTSD and expressive writing: a prospective study","volume":"24","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Prenat Perinat Psychol Heal"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.v11i2.779"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/02.13.PR0.117c29z3"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0611-6"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105381510102400404"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2017.1315623"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820600714632"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2021.1993388"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2826-1"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2005.00340.x"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0879(199812)5:4<231::AID-CPP172>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.00316.x"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103457"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168517"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.nainr.2013.04.001"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2016.1185773"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2014.08.003"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318227b3dc"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110716"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000558"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.03.018"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.108"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.23"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466501163689"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01408.x"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.98","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. ISBN: 9789241549912. WHO Reference Number: WHO\/RHR\/16.12 (Executive summary) Accessible at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241549912"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gagnon AJ , Sandall J . Individual or group antenatal education for childbirth or parenthood, or both. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007; 3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002869.pub2"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.13.2.94.101"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05199-5"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2016.07.013"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16163"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.104","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pharmacological prevention and early treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2019","year":"2019","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695486","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1695486","article-title":"Early psychological intervention following recent trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watkins LE , Sprang KR , Rothbaum BO . Treating PTSD: a review of evidence-based psychotherapy interventions. Front Behav Neurosci 2018;12:258.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00258"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varker T , Jones KA , Arjmand HA , Hinton M , Hiles SA , Freijah I , Forbes D , Kartal D , Phelps A , Bryant RA , McFarlane A . Dropout from guideline-recommended psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord Rep 2021;4:100093.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100093"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709709","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1709709","article-title":"Dropout from psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2008.71.2.134"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-020-00203-1"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.111","unstructured":"Dekel S , Gilbertson M , Orr S , Rauch S , Wood N , Pitman R. Chapter 34 - Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Massachusetts Gen Hosp Compr Clin Psychiatry 2016."},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.01.015"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-021-01161-0"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004361"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.041"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272210"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20692"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.118","unstructured":"Luca DL , Garlow N , Staatz C , Margiotta C , Zivin K. Societal costs of untreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders in the United States. Mathematica 2019 Apr: 1\u20134."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.05.003","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinic Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.04.23.23288976"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.10.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795361","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1795361","article-title":"Non-pharmacological and non-psychological approaches to the treatment of PTSD: results of a systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2633"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.076"},{"key":"2023082509150482000_2023.08.17.23294230v1.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104859"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.08.17.23294230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T19:39:17Z","timestamp":1768505957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.08.17.23294230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"references-count":125,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.08.17.23294230","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}