{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:41:02Z","timestamp":1788579662358,"version":"build-2803163510"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":68,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Influenza A virus subtype H2N2, which caused the 1957 influenza pandemic, remains a global threat. A recent phase I clinical trial investigating a ferritin nanoparticle displaying H2 hemagglutinin in H2-na\u00efve and H2-exposed adults. Therefore, we could perform comprehensive structural and biochemical characterization of immune memory on the breadth and diversity of the polyclonal serum antibody response elicited after H2 vaccination. We temporally map the epitopes targeted by serum antibodies after first and second vaccinations and show previous H2 exposure results in higher responses to the variable head domain of hemagglutinin while initial responses in H2-na\u00efve participants are dominated by antibodies targeting conserved epitopes. We use cryo-EM and monoclonal B cell isolation to describe the molecular details of cross-reactive antibodies targeting conserved epitopes on the hemagglutinin head including the receptor binding site and a new site of vulnerability deemed the medial junction. Our findings accentuate the impact of pre-existing influenza exposure on serum antibody responses.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Serum Abs after first H2-F vaccination in H2-exposed donors bound variable HA head epitopes<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>Serum Abs after first H2-F vaccination in H2-na\u00efve donors bound conserved HA head and stem epitopes<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>RBS-targeting VH1-69 cross-reactive antibodies were induced in H2-na\u00efve individuals<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:p>The medial junction is a previously uncharacterized conserved epitope on the HA head<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <\/jats:list>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.23.554525","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T20:45:27Z","timestamp":1692909927000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune memory shapes human polyclonal antibody responses to H2N2 vaccination"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhe R.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3402-2609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julianna","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailee R.","family":"Perrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7854-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara T.","family":"Richey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9749-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alesandra J.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie E.","family":"Raab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren Y.","family":"Cominsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Chopde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5767-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Kanekiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine V.","family":"Houser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace L.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0616-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian B.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-1949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7153-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023082821500598000_2023.08.23.554525v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lafond, K. 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