{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:22:10Z","timestamp":1768508530941,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"group-title":"Developmental Biology","reference-count":95,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is a common deficiency worldwide, particularly among women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, it increases the risk of immune-related diseases in offspring later in life. However, exactly how the body remembers exposure to an adverse environment during development is poorly understood. Herein, we explore the effects of prenatal vitamin D deficiency on immune cell proportions in offspring using vitamin D deficient mice established by dietary manipulation. We found that prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions in offspring by changing the transcriptional properties of genes downstream of vitamin D receptor signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of both the fetus and adults. Our results suggest the role of cellular differentiation properties of the hematopoiesis as the long-term memories of prenatal exposure at the adult stage. Moreover, further investigations of the associations between maternal vitamin D levels and cord blood immune cell profiles from 75 healthy pregnant women and their term babies also confirm that maternal vitamin D levels in the second trimester significantly affect immune cell proportions in the babies. This highlights the importance of providing vitamin D supplementation at specific stages of pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.11.557255","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T17:55:14Z","timestamp":1694627714000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions of young adult offspring through alteration of long-term stem cell fates"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"given":"Koki","family":"Ueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu Shien","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyu","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betelehem Solomon","family":"Bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Chorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reanna","family":"Do\u00f1a-Termine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wade R","family":"Koba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich G.","family":"Steidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregoire","family":"Lauvau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6069-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"Greally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0605-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masako","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2014.01.011"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0718"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050640"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201312-423OC"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1499-7"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1860"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2019.09.013"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050533"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800927"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00559-4"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010074"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2010.12.001"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518000491"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.02.021"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29449"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88887"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1982.tb00512.x"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131029498"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0641-9"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-013-9475-y"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0356OC"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.008"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v62.1401"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0015"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1359-x"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355809"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1638"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2270"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0276-4"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms130910911"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0973-y"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041740"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.59.367"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14535"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.860286"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200212392"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.11.2057"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002545"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711558105"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0897-391"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1095"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9831"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.788"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.03.043"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22456"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.09.002"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051499"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051112"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902924RR"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.05.003"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20674"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-493973"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-251587"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3192"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4096"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1874-1"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0378-6"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.19.5744"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051066"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02131-0"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18129\/b9.bioc.flowsorted.cordbloodcombined.450k"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0717-y"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1448-7"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-0943-7"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081827"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082854"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.012"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197310182891601"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1982.243.5.C303"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.139691"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2009211"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.01.025"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-153486"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00612"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.041957mt"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-03903-8"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-060391"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2021.05"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.12891"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2003"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0016"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70291"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.06.016"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.84","unstructured":"Andrews\/Babraham Institute, S. (2010). FastQC: A quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts356"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1603-1"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-021-00540-7"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq466"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-128"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.07.012"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.24.738"},{"key":"2024060512500595000_2023.09.11.557255v2.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-86"}],"container-title":[],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.09.11.557255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:13:26Z","timestamp":1768454006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/biorxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1101\/2023.09.11.557255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"references-count":95,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.09.11.557255","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"subtype":"preprint"}}