{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"bioRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T20:29:35Z","timestamp":1768508975325,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"group-title":"Immunology","reference-count":57,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\n                  Neonates born prematurely are highly vulnerable to life-threatening conditions such as bacterial sepsis.\n                  <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                  , also known as group B\n                  <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                  (GBS) and\n                  <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  are frequent causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis, however, it remains unclear if distinct sepsis pathogens induce differential adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we find that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in neonatal mice rapidly respond to single-organism GBS and\n                  <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  bloodstream infections and that these pathogens induce distinct activation and cytokine production from IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, respectively. We also report differential reliance on \u03b3\u03b4TCR signaling to elicit effector cytokine responses during neonatal sepsis, with IL-17 production during\n                  <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  infection being driven by \u03b3\u03b4TCR signaling, and IFN-\u03b3 production during GBS infection occurring independently of \u03b3\u03b4TCR signaling. Furthermore, we report that the divergent effector responses of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells during GBS and\n                  <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                  infections impart distinctive neuroinflammatory phenotypes on the neonatal brain. The present study reveals that the neonatal adaptive immune system differentially responds to distinct bacterial stimuli, resulting in unique neuroinflammatory phenotypes.\n                <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.02.560561","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T21:20:16Z","timestamp":1696368016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i>\n                  and\n                  <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                  Induce Distinct Effector \u03b3\u03b4 T Cell Responses During Neonatal Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lila T.","family":"Witt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1315-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara G.","family":"Greenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Knoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000769"},{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2217"},{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912022117"},{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6740827"},{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31002-4"},{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2232-6"},{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu084"},{"key":"2024032001400600000_2023.10.02.560561v5.8","unstructured":"Heath, P.T. , and Jardine, L.A . 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