{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"name":"medRxiv"}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:26:36Z","timestamp":1768566396933,"version":"3.49.0"},"posted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"group-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","reference-count":77,"publisher":"openRxiv","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both cognitive and non-cognitive (e.g., traits like curiosity) factors are critical for social and emotional functioning and independently predict educational attainment. These factors are heritable and genetically correlated with a range of health-relevant traits and behaviors in adulthood (e.g., risk-taking, psychopathology). However, whether these associations are present during adolescence, and to what extent these relationships diverge, could have implications for adolescent health and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Using data from 5,517 youth of European ancestry from the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development\n                    <jats:sup>SM<\/jats:sup>\n                    Study, we examined associations between polygenic scores (PGS) for cognitive and non-cognitive factors and outcomes related to cognition, socioeconomic status, risk tolerance and decision-making, substance initiation, psychopathology, and brain structure.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cognitive and non-cognitive PGSs were both positively associated with cognitive performance and family income, and negatively associated with ADHD and severity of psychotic-like experiences. The cognitive PGS was also associated with greater risk-taking, delayed discounting, and anorexia, as well as lower likelihood of nicotine initiation. The cognitive PGS was further associated with cognition scores and anorexia in\n                    <jats:italic>within-sibling<\/jats:italic>\n                    analyses, suggesting these results do not solely reflect the effects of assortative mating or passive gene-environment correlations. The cognitive PGS showed significantly stronger associations with cortical volumes than the non-cognitive PGS and was associated with right hemisphere caudal anterior cingulate and pars-orbitalis in\n                    <jats:italic>within-sibling<\/jats:italic>\n                    analyses, while the non-cognitive PGS showed stronger associations with white matter fractional anisotropy and a significant\n                    <jats:italic>within-sibling<\/jats:italic>\n                    association for right superior corticostriate-frontal cortex.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that PGSs for cognitive and non-cognitive factors show similar associations with cognition and socioeconomic status as well as other psychosocial outcomes, but distinct associations with regional neural phenotypes in this adolescent sample.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.27.23297675","type":"posted-content","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T02:55:10Z","timestamp":1698548110000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations Between Polygenic Scores for Cognitive and Non-cognitive Factors of Educational Attainment and Measures of Behavior, Psychopathology, and Neuroimaging in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study"],"prefix":"10.64898","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2589-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Gorelik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0320-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6659-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.A.","family":"Baranger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nourhan M.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Addala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Bijsterbosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deanna M.","family":"Barch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Karcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Hatoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arpana","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"54368","reference":[{"key":"2023110201500559000_2023.10.27.23297675v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"2023110201500559000_2023.10.27.23297675v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1557-4679.1195"},{"key":"2023110201500559000_2023.10.27.23297675v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.010"},{"key":"2023110201500559000_2023.10.27.23297675v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1994.1037"},{"key":"2023110201500559000_2023.10.27.23297675v1.5","unstructured":"Bates, D. , Maechler, M. , Bolker [aut, B., cre, Walker, S. , Christensen, R. 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